Articles: disease.
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Neurosci Biobehav Rev · Mar 2014
ReviewThe trouble with circadian clock dysfunction: multiple deleterious effects on the brain and body.
This review consolidates research employing human correlational and experimental work across brain and body with experimental animal models to provide a more complete representation of how circadian rhythms influence almost all aspects of life. In doing so, we will cover the morphological and biochemical pathways responsible for rhythm generation as well as interactions between these systems and others (e.g., stress, feeding, reproduction). The effects of circadian disruption on the health of humans, including time of day effects, cognitive sequelae, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, diet, obesity, food preferences, mood disorders, and cancer will also be discussed. Subsequently, experimental support for these largely correlational human studies conducted in non-human animal models will be described.
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Newborn screening (NBS) for sickle cell disease (SCD) has occurred in Jamaica since 1973 in two periods, the most recent being since 1995. As a result of NBS, significant lessons have been learnt about management of the disease. Additionally, significant improvements in morbidity and mortality of children affected with the disease have occurred because of the implementation of simple interventions. ⋯ There are challenges including the lack of appropriate governance and policy structures, the technology for high-volume processing and comprehensive care clinics throughout the island. On the other hand, the significant strides made in disease management, the strength and model of care of the Sickle Cell Unit, delicately balancing limited resources and increased survival cannot be disparaged. Therefore, consistent with the World Health Organization's recommendation, we are working toward achieving island-wide screening for SCD, to ensure equitable access to continued improvements in morbidity, mortality and quality of life.