Articles: disease.
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Postoperative pulmonary complications, including pneumonia, bronchospasm, respiratory failure and prolonged mechanical ventilation, occur commonly and are a significant source of morbidity and mortality. This review will discuss the etiology of postoperative pulmonary complications and the interventions that reduce their risk. ⋯ Understanding risk factors for the development of postoperative pulmonary complications allows targeted interventions aimed at reducing their frequency and severity. Further research is needed to define the role of regional analgesic and anesthetic techniques in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications, and also to define the nature of risk factors and develop better predictive models of patients at risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications.
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Apoptosis, the death of a single cell according to an exactly defined intracellular program, is a key principle allowing embryonic development and later on tissue homeostasis in metazoans. ⋯ Our review focuses on clinical aspects of apoptosis. In the first part the major proteins forming the deadly intracellular cascade will be discussed, while the second part relates to diseases which are characterized by a dysfunction of the apoptotic program.
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The objectives of this study were to determine relations between offending and health, and how illness and injury relate to concurrent offending--whether offending predicts health or vice versa, and whether relations persist after adjustment for childhood predictors of offending. Data collected in the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development were analysed. This is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 South London males first recruited at age 8. ⋯ It was concluded that injury is one symptom of an antisocial personality that arises in childhood and persists into adulthood. Therefore, measures that lead to a reduction in offending should also lead to a reduction in concurrent injuries. Negative relations between a range of antisocial behaviours and respiratory tract illness deserve further study.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Oct 2002
Comparative StudyDevelopment of a pediatric age- and disease-specific severity measure.
To adapt the adult Comprehensive Severity Index (CSI) for hospitalized pediatric patients and evaluate the ability of the CSI to predict common outcomes. ⋯ The age- and disease-specific pediatric CSI score correlates highly with LOS, cost, and mortality in hospitalized children and can help determine the best clinical practices for specific diseases and adjust for differences in severity of illness across providers.
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MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. · Sep 2002
New classification for deaths and injuries involving terrorism.
Classification of the deaths and injuries that occurred as the result of the events of September 11, 2001, presented CDC's National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) with a dilemma. Under the current classification systems for mortality and morbidity, the World Health Organization's International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and the United States' International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), deaths and injuries associated with acts of terrorism could not be identified uniquely.