Articles: disease.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. · Apr 1996
Cesarean deliveries and maternal-infant HIV transmission: results from a prospective study in South Africa.
Data from a prospective study undertaken at an urban hospital in Durban, South Africa, were used to investigate associations between maternal-infant HIV transmission, mode of delivery, and specific circumstances of cesarean deliveries. A total of 141 children of HIV-infected women were followed until the children were 15 months of age to determine their HIV status. supplementary data were collected from obstetric records, masked to the HIV status of the children. ⋯ Singleton cesarean deliveries without concurrent obstetric complications had lower rates of transmission than did vaginal deliveries (OR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.04-0.94). These results suggest that certain intrapartum events may modify the risk of HIV transmission and highlight the importance of collecting more detailed intrapartum information in order to clarify the route by which mode of delivery may be associated with maternal-infant HIV transmission.
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To examine the relation of circulating cytokines and cytokine antagonists to the progression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease. ⋯ High circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta and TNF-alpha, combined with an excess of their natural inhibitors interleukin-1Ra and TNF-sRp55, were seen in clinically asymptomatic HIV-1-positive African women but not in African women with AIDS or in HIV-negative controls. Circulating cytokine antagonists may play a clinical role in modulating cytokine-associated symptoms in the early phases of HIV infection.
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Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. · Apr 1996
Perinatal morbidity and mortality in offspring of diabetic mothers in Qatif, Saudi Arabia.
Diabetic mothers and their offspring were prospectively studied. Perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality data were analysed. Out of 11,677 deliveries in the hospital, 133 (1.14%) were delivered by diabetic mothers. ⋯ Poor maternal diabetic control resulted in high perinatal morbidity and mortality in the offspring. In order to improve the outcome in offspring of diabetic mothers in Qatif and probably Saudi Arabia as a whole, health education and improved care of the diabetic mothers during pregnancy urgently needed. This may be true of other developing countries where data on diabetes in pregnancy are scarce.
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A 24 year old Nigerian woman with cervical pregnancy, a very rare type of ectopic pregnancy, is presented. The disorder can be life-threatening and usually there is difficulty in differentiating it from the cervical phase of an incomplete abortion as well as bleeding cervical fibroid. Ultrasound scan has been found helpful in the diagnosis of cervical ectopic pregnancy. The conservative management and the possible alternative surgical management, based on the clinical presentation, are discussed.