Articles: disease.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Nov 1994
The etiology of pneumonia in malnourished and well-nourished Gambian children.
During a 2-year period 159 malnourished children ages 3 months to 5 years with radiologic evidence of pneumonia were investigated to determine the cause of their pneumonia. In addition 119 malnourished children without pneumonia, 119 well-nourished children with pneumonia and 52 well-nourished children without pneumonia were studied as controls. Percutaneous lung aspiration was performed on 35 malnourished and 59 well-nourished children with pneumonia. ⋯ Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 5 malnourished children with pneumonia. A potentially pathogenic virus was identified in 35% of malnourished children with pneumonia and 40% of well-nourished children with pneumonia, and from 25% of children without pneumonia. The viruses identified most frequently were adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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A survey was conducted in the Cape Town metropolitan area in 1990 to determine the dietary intake and anthropometric status of 3-6 year-old African children (N = 163). Dietary data obtained from 24-hour recalls revealed that mean energy intake (5200 kJ) was low and that mean intakes of most nutrients fell considerably below the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs). ⋯ Anthropometric profiles expressed in terms of the National Centre for Health Statistics' (NCHS) standards, revealed evidence of growth retardation and wasting in this population, coexisting with emergent obesity. The development of a nutrition and health policy to address the problems of both deficit and excess represents a pressing challenge.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Meta Analysis Clinical Trial
Single-dose ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea: a worldwide summary.
Antibiotic therapy for Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections has evolved owing to the development of resistance to penicillin and tetracycline therapy. A variety of antimicrobials, including the fluoroquinolones, have been proposed as useful alternatives. ⋯ Although the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have identified 500 mg of ciprofloxacin as a single-dose treatment regimen for uncomplicated gonorrhea, the clinical data from the multinational studies indicate that a 250-mg single-dose of ciprofloxacin is equally effective in the management of uncomplicated gonorrhea, including extragenital sites of infection.
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A sample of African-American and white young adults were classified as having multiple sex partners or one sexual partner. Subjects with multiple sexual partners were more likely to use drugs and practice risky sexual behaviors such as having anal intercourse, having sexual experiences with a prostitute, and having a history of gonorrhea (P < .001) and genital warts (P < .01). Additional analyses were conducted to determine African-American versus white differences in risky sexual behaviors. ⋯ Finally, the results from discriminant analysis indicate that a large number of variables significantly discriminate between subjects who engage in risky sexual behaviors and those who do not. Although there is some similarity in the variables for African Americans and whites, there was tremendous variability between the ethnic groups in the factors that predict risky behaviors. These findings are discussed with reference to the need to develop HIV/AIDS prevention programs for African Americans that are based on data derived from African-American populations rather than from black versus white comparison studies.
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From January 1992 to December 1993, a total of 361 births and 243 deaths were recorded by village reporters in five villages in Muheza District, north eastern Tanzania. Among those aged less than one year 48 deaths were recorded, giving an infant mortality rate of 133 per 1000 live births (95% CI 97.9-168.0). ⋯ From analysis of these, 30 of the deaths were tentatively attributed to malaria. The results are discussed in relation to other studies in East and West Africa and to the prospects for reducing mortality by use of insecticide impregnated bednets.