Articles: disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy and Safety of an mRNA-Based RSV PreF Vaccine in Older Adults.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause substantial morbidity and mortality among older adults. An mRNA-based RSV vaccine, mRNA-1345, encoding the stabilized RSV prefusion F glycoprotein, is under clinical investigation. ⋯ A single dose of the mRNA-1345 vaccine resulted in no evident safety concerns and led to a lower incidence of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease and of RSV-associated acute respiratory disease than placebo among adults 60 years of age or older. (Funded by Moderna; ConquerRSV ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05127434.).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes.
Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has been shown to reduce the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes. Whether semaglutide can reduce cardiovascular risk associated with overweight and obesity in the absence of diabetes is unknown. ⋯ In patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity but without diabetes, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg was superior to placebo in reducing the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke at a mean follow-up of 39.8 months. (Funded by Novo Nordisk; SELECT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03574597.).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Implementation of holistic nursing interventions based on fast track surgery concept in patients with lower extremity arterial occlusive disease.
Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease (LEAOD) is a prevalent condition affecting many patients worldwide, which requires careful management and patient cooperation. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of holistic nursing interventions based on the Fast Track Surgery (FTS) concept in patients with LEAOD. A retrospective analysis of 92 LEAOD patients, randomized into control and experimental groups, was performed. ⋯ Further, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores indicated significantly better sleep quality over time in the experimental group than in the control group (P < .05). The implementation of holistic nursing interventions based on the FTS concept significantly improved patient adherence and sleep quality in LEAOD patients. These findings highlight the potential benefits of integrating such interventions in the management of LEAOD patients, potentially enhancing postoperative recovery and overall health outcomes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
A multicenter case-control study on postoperative intestinal fistula in Chinese patients with Crohn disease.
The aim of this study was to (1) assess the independent factors affecting patients with postoperative intestinal fistula from Crohn disease (CD) by analyzing preoperative clinical data, (2) establish a nomogram prediction model for this condition based on these factors, and (3) validate this model and evaluate its accuracy. In this retrospective multicenter case-control study, the clinical data of 240 patients with CD admitted for surgical treatment between September 2019 and September 2021 at 3 centers were collected. Patients were randomly divided into a training set (168 patients) and a validation set (72 patients). ⋯ Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic nutrition index, disease behavior, and Crohn disease activity index score were independent influencing factors. After assessing the validation set, the area under the curve was 0.899, indicating good predictive accuracy of the nomogram model. The prediction model developed in this study can effectively predict the risk of postoperative intestinal fistula.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Teplizumab and β-Cell Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes.
Teplizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to CD3 on T cells, is approved by the Food and Drug Administration to delay the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes (stage 3) in patients 8 years of age or older with preclinical (stage 2) disease. Whether treatment with intravenous teplizumab in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes can prevent disease progression is unknown. ⋯ Two 12-day courses of teplizumab in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes showed benefit with respect to the primary end point of preservation of β-cell function, but no significant differences between the groups were observed with respect to the secondary end points. (Funded by Provention Bio and Sanofi; PROTECT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03875729.).