Articles: disease.
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Oral contraceptives are a reliable and convenient method of birth control. Nevertheless, physicians are reluctant to use them in women over 35 because of concerns about increased risks of cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer despite evidence to the contrary. Well-designed studies have shown that the incidence of thromboembolic disease is related to the estrogen dose and that the risk of thromboembolism is highest in women who smoke. ⋯ Oral contraceptives have been shown to protect against endometrial and ovarian cancer. The risk of breast cancer appears to be increased only minimally among current oral contraceptive users. Thus, oral contraceptives offer a safe and effective means of birth control in women over 35, especially in the absence of other risk factors.
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Genitourinary medicine · Dec 1993
Historical ArticleHistorical account of venereal diseases in Mexico.
This paper reviews the history of sexually acquired diseases in Mexico. It is divided into four major chronological sections which discuss social attitudes and values, the development of services and of official policy, and historical epidemiology.
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Cross-sectional morbidity recorded during two successive quarterly survey rounds and subsequent 27-months mortality were studied in a random sample of 4238 preschool children in a rural Zairian area. Analysis focuses on morbid patterns, i.e. any combination of the principal signs and symptoms encountered in tropical areas (oedema, marasmus, cough, fever, diarrhoea and tachypnoea). Almost half the children (45-48%) had signs of morbidity, a very high rate. ⋯ The results show that with a few simple questions on major symptoms and a brief examination by paramedical health workers, children with an increased risk of death can be identified. The method can be applied at under-5 clinics. Prognosis is particularly bad in severe malnutrition, especially when associated with diarrhoea, in diarrhoea with cough, cough with fever/tachypnoea and for children who are found sick both in the rainy and the subsequent dry season.