Articles: disease.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Jun 1989
Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialMetabolic effects of low-dose fluconazole in healthy female users and non-users of oral contraceptives.
1. Azole antifungal agents such as ketoconazole act by inhibiting cytochrome P-450 mediated sterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane and thus have the potential to interfere with mammalian steroidogenesis. Fluconazole is a novel orally-effective antifungal triazole which has been reported to have more specific effects on the cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in fungal sterol synthesis. 2. ⋯ Minor biochemical changes associated with fluconazole treatment included increases in serum thyroxine and testosterone concentrations (but not in women taking OC as well as fluconazole) and in insulin and apolipoprotein B levels (but only in women taking OC as well as fluconazole). In general, these changes were small and of no clinical significance with the values remaining within the laboratory normal range. There were no adverse side-effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Oral rehydration therapy (ORT), has been considered the major advance in the treatment of the diarrheal diseases, and has been the single most important factor in the decrease of mortality and decreased morbidity in childhood diarrheal. ORT, is not limited to the administration of oral rehydration solution; it also includes feeding techniques and community education and participation. ⋯ In México there have been two national surveys to evaluate the ORT program. This policy has allowed for participating countries to reduce the cost of treatment of diarrheal disease.
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Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol · May 1989
Abruptio placentae at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: a 3-year study.
A total of 81 cases of abruptio placentae treated in a 3-year period at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu is reported. The incidence of 0.44% found in the study is low when compared to reports from Europe. ⋯ Management was by rapid and adequate resuscitation by blood transfusion and delivery as soon as the diagnosis was made. The absence of maternal mortality amongst mothers who received antenatal care at the University Teaching Hospital emphasizes the need for adequate antenatal and intrapartum care in order to eliminate the complications of this obstetrical enigma.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) clinical case definition for paediatric AIDS was tested during a 1-month period on 221 consecutive hospitalized children in Kigali, Rwanda. Relevant clinical features not included in the WHO case definition were also evaluated. Thirty-four out of the 221 children (15.4%) were HIV seropositive. ⋯ Those signs and symptoms contributing the most to the regression were: respiratory distress, chronic diarrhoea and generalized lymphadenopathy. Based on these findings, we propose a simplified clinical case definition for paediatric AIDS in Africa with better sensitivity, specificity and PPV than the WHO case definition. Further work is needed using this approach to develop case definitions useful for epidemiological surveillance and for case management.
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The appearance of myocardial infarctions in fertile women is to agree upon the concept of cardiovascular risk factors. Women without diabetes showed in 3 age groups up to 49 years 2.5-3.1 factors and with diabetes 4.4-4.8 factors, such as smoking, hyperlipoproteinaemia, hypertension, obesity, oral contraceptives, hyperuricaemia and diabetes mellitus, respectively. ⋯ A critical indication for oral contraceptives is recommended, if already one of the factors, such as smoking, hyperlipoproteinaemia, hypertension, obesity or diabetes mellitus is present, or, if possible, its removal before ordination. Also low-dose oral contraceptives must be regarded as a potential risk factor up to further clarification.