Articles: disease.
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Cognitive symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are well-recognized. Whether objectively measurable cognitive deficits exist and how long they persist are unclear. ⋯ Participants with resolved persistent symptoms after Covid-19 had objectively measured cognitive function similar to that in participants with shorter-duration symptoms, although short-duration Covid-19 was still associated with small cognitive deficits after recovery. Longer-term persistence of cognitive deficits and any clinical implications remain uncertain. (Funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research and others.).
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Feb 2024
ReviewPopular diets and nutritional assessment in the management of irritable bowel syndrome in inflammatory bowel disease: an overview of current evidence.
There is an increasing interest in using popular diets to manage inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. These conditions are often associated with nutritional deficiencies, protein‑energy malnutrition, micronutrient malnutrition, altered body composition, and sarcopenia. While dietary interventions can be supportive in treating intestinal symptoms of adult IBD patients, it is important to note that current guidelines from major scientific societies do not recommend any specific dietary interventions in this field. ⋯ We then discuss in detail the most popular diets used for IBD management over the years, characterizing each one in terms of effects on gut inflammation, IBS‑like symptoms, and potential risk of malnutrition. These diets include a low‑fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols diet, a gluten‑free diet, a Mediterranean diet, and a plant‑based diet. To date, current evidence does not conclusively establish the optimal diet for patients with IBS, suggesting that personalized dietary approaches may be the best strategy.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Feb 2024
ReviewObesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically, imposing a significant economic burden on our society. Treatment of obesity is challenging, potentially due to different disease phenotypes. Taking into consideration "obesities" rather than "obesity," and thus aiming to understand different pathophysiologic mechanisms of individual phenotypes, might help identify more tailored treatment strategies. ⋯ In the heart, GLP‑1RAs ameliorate cardiomyocyte survival and myocardial contractility, reduce cardiac hypertrophy, and are one of few drugs that can reduce epicardial fat thickness. In this review, we summarize recent evidence concerning the effects of GLP‑1RAs on obesity / dysmetabolism and on cardio- / cerebrovascular health. We further highlight the possible role of GLP‑1RAs in the treatment of obesity‑related CV diseases by describing the principal molecular mechanisms reported in the current literature.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Feb 2024
Coronary artery disease in older adults with congenital heart defects: risk factors and pharmacotherapy.
With advancing age, adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are at a higher risk of developing atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). ⋯ CAD is common in older patients with ACHD. Our results underline the importance of identification and treatment of modifiable CAD risk factors in individuals with ACHD. The obesity paradox might also play a role in this population. The rate of guideline‑recommended pharmacotherapy implementation seems to be satisfactory.