Articles: disease.
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Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a medical treatment which involves the transfer of feces from a healthy donor to a recipient to restore the balance of gut microbiota and improve clinical outcomes. FMT has gained recognition in recent years due to its effectiveness in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDI) and other gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, it has been studied as an intervention for some other conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). ⋯ Ethical issues surrounding FMT, including the necessity of informed consent from donors and recipients and the potential transmission of infectious agents, are also discussed. Overall, FMT has the potential to offer significant therapeutic benefits, but it also raises regulatory and ethical considerations that require careful consideration. Further research is necessary to fully comprehend risks and benefits of FMT and to develop guidelines for its use in clinical practice.
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β-thalassemia is a monogenic disorder characterized by decreased hemoglobin production, resulting in chronic anemia. There are several factors affecting the clinical presentation of patients with β-thalassemia, and several complications such as iron overload or ineffective erythropoiesis have been linked to this disease. ⋯ Other clinical trials are being conducted to develop better and safer management techniques for these patients. This review will discuss the different treatment strategies of β-thalassemia including novel therapies, besides all possible curative therapies that are being developed for this disease.
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Review Case Reports
Transformation from acute promyelocytic leukemia in pregnancy to acute myeloid leukemia with MLL-AF9 fusion gene: A case report and literature review.
Because there are few evidence-based guidelines and an extremely low incidence rate, managing and treating patients who have transitioned from acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which was diagnosed during pregnancy, to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), can be difficult. ⋯ Despite the rarity of APL to AML transformation, it is crucial to track the disease's progress and administer treatment on time. It remains uncertain whether the risk stratification and clinical outcomes of secondary AML with MLL-AF9 are equivalent to those of de novo AML with MLL-AF9. The management and treatment of these patients should be personalized and require further observation.
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Review Case Reports
Perianal rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult: A case report and review of the literature.
Perianal/perineal rhabdomyosarcomas (PRMS) is rare, and the outcome is poor. A 29-year-old female presented with perineal rhabdomyosarcomas revealed metastases to inguinal lymph nodes on the bilateral side. Disease progression was discovered when the patient got adjuvant epirubicin, ifosfamide, and bevacizumab for 2 cycles. ⋯ The surgical resection was performed. The patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and was weak after surgery, so he did not receive chemoradiotherapy. The patient succumbed after 11 months postoperatively due to widespread intraabdominal metastasis.
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Cognitive dysfunction occurs mainly in certain diseases and in the pathological process of aging. In addition to this, it is also widespread in patients undergoing anesthesia, surgery, and cancer chemotherapy. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired synaptic plasticity, and lack of neurotrophic support are involved in copper-induced cognitive dysfunction. ⋯ Cuproptosis is a copper-dependent, lipoylated mitochondrial protein-driven, non-apoptotic mode of regulated cell death, which provides us with new avenues for identifying and treating related diseases. However, the exact mechanism by which cuproptosis induces cognitive decline is still unclear, and this has attracted the interest of many researchers. In this paper, we analyzed the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets of copper-associated cognitive decline, mainly in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, psychiatric and psychological disorders, and diabetes mellitus.