Articles: disease.
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Review Case Reports
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis associated with heat stroke: A case report and review of literature.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome with potentially fatal consequences that results from an excessive immune response caused by malfunctioning natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Secondary HLH, which is the predominant type in adults, is associated with various medical conditions, including infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. Secondary HLH associated with heat stroke has not been reported. ⋯ We report a novel case of secondary HLH associated with heat stroke. Diagnosing secondary HLH can be difficult since clinical manifestations of the underlying disease and HLH may present simultaneously. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of treatment is required to improve the prognosis of the disease.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, which leads to end-stage renal failure worldwide. Glomerular damage, renal arteriosclerosis, and atherosclerosis are the contributing factors in diabetic patients, leading to the progression of kidney damage. Diabetes is a distinct risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) and AKI is associated with faster advancement of renal disease in patients with diabetes. ⋯ It is also important to know the cause of AKI in diabetic patients so that timely intervention and preventive strategies can be implemented to decrease kidney injury. Aim of this review article is to address the epidemiology of AKI, its risk factors, different pathophysiological mechanisms, how AKI differs between diabetic and nondiabetic patients and its preventive and therapeutic implications in diabetics. The increasing occurrence and prevalence of AKI and DM, as well as other pertinent issues, motivated us to address this topic.
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Review Case Reports
A rare cause of hematochezia: colonic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALToma): A case report and literature review.
Colonic extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma as a cause of hematochezia is rare. Here, we report a case of colonic extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALToma) with presentation of freshy bloody stool and successfully treated by endoscopic mucosal resection. ⋯ Colonic MALToma is a rare disease, and could present as hematochezia. En bloc endoscopic resection could achieve long-term remission. The prognosis of colonic MALToma is excellent with its indolent characteristics.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has restricted many medical practices. We aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of bronchoscopies, outpatients, and hospital admissions. We retrospectively analyzed the number of outpatients, admissions, and bronchoscopies performed between March 2020 and May 2022. ⋯ During the second year of the pandemic, the number of bronchoscopies and admissions was not significantly affected by the waves of the pandemic. There were no significant differences in the number of admissions and bronchoscopies between the fourth and sixth waves. Although the number of bronchoscopies was found to be significantly affected in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of the pandemic was much more limited thereafter.
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Observational Study
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adverse fetal outcomes: A cross-sectional study.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been one of the most damaging pandemics in all of human history. Some of the most vulnerable groups within society such as pregnant women and children have also been affected. This observational research, cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate if there was any difference in the incidence of unfavorable outcomes in pregnancy such as miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, and early neonatal death during the year prior to the pandemic and the year of the COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ The study included all pregnant women who had an unfavorable pregnancy outcome such as miscarriage and intrauterine fetal demise, as well as early neonatal death at the University Hospital of Split within the time frame mentioned previously. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the year prior to the pandemic and during the year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study showed that the pandemic did not have a negative effect on pregnant women and their fetuses; there was no increase in miscarriage, intrauterine fetal demise, or perinatal death during the year of the pandemic.