Articles: disease.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · May 2023
ReviewRetention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces.
Without a phase of retention after successful orthodontic treatment, teeth tend to 'relapse', that is, to return to their initial position. Retention is achieved by fitting fixed or removable retainers to provide stability to the teeth while avoiding damage to teeth and gums. Removable retainers can be worn full- or part-time. Retainers vary in shape, material, and the way they are made. Adjunctive procedures are sometimes used to try to improve retention, for example, reshaping teeth where they contact ('interproximal reduction'), or cutting fibres around teeth ('percision'). This review is an update of one originally published in 2004 and last updated in 2016. ⋯ The evidence is low to very low certainty, so we cannot draw firm conclusions about any one approach to retention over another. More high-quality studies are needed that measure tooth stability over at least two years, and measure how long retainers last, patient satisfaction and negative side effects from wearing retainers, such as tooth decay and gum disease.
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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common genital disease worldwide in women of sexually active age, with a prevalence of 23-29%. Its traditional definition as dysbiosis, i.e., a disruption of the normal balance of the vaginal microbiota, with a massive increase of facultative and obligate anaerobic bacteria (mainly Gardnerella spp.) and a loss of lactobacilli, accurately describes the change in the vaginal microbiota, but does not explain the underlying pathophysiology. ⋯ The simplistic view of BV as dysbiosis, characterizable by microscopic reference methods, has so far led to inadequate therapeutic success. An evaluation of molecular genetic testing methods that would be suitable for routine use and the development of therapeutic agents that are effective against biofilms are urgently needed if the "bacterial vaginosis syndrome" is to be effectively treated.
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Meta Analysis
Clinical efficacy of selenium supplementation in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Evidence suggests that selenium supplementation could be useful in the treatment of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), but the available trials are heterogeneous. This study investigates clinically relevant effects of selenium supplementation in patients with HT. ⋯ Selenium supplementation reduces serum TPOAb and TgAb levels after 6 months of treatment in patients with HT, but future studies are warranted to evaluate health-related quality or disease progression.
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Inflammatory conditions play part in the progression of malignancies, and markers signifying growth of these factors can indicate prognosis. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) is used as a marker of subclinical inflammation that may become an integral part of workup to indicate prognosis and associated pathology. This study aims to explore the association of NLR ratio with clinical characteristics, radiological assessment and staging, histopathology, and disease outcomes of breast cancer. ⋯ However, NLR was not found predictable of disease-free survival (P = .160). Significant predictors of disease-free survival were histological grading, ER, PR status, molecular subtype, and Ki67 proliferation index. NLR being a readily available marker has shown novel findings in its association with tumor staging, disease outcomes and characteristics of breast malignancy.
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of non-noncommunicable disease mortality worldwide. Therefore, this study analyzes the mediating effect of dizziness and fatigue in the relationship between stress and sleep quality in patients with heart disease. This study was conducted on patients with heart disease diagnosed by a cardiologist from December 7, 2021 to August 30, 2022 at the Outpatient Department of Cardiology at Hanyang University Hospital in Guri-si, Gyeonggi-do. ⋯ In summary, in the relationship in which stress in patients with heart disease affects sleep quality, stress is a variable that directly affects sleep quality, and this means that the stress of patients with heart disease can affect the quality of sleep through the parameters, dizziness and fatigue, sequentially; this research model can thus be considered a partial mediator model. Fatigue in patients with cardiovascular disease had a direct effect on sleep quality, and there was a mediating effect through dizziness and fatigue in the relationship between stress and sleep quality. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a sleep management program that can improve the quality of sleep in patients with cardiovascular disease as well as a nursing intervention plan that can alleviate fatigue and control stress in such patients.