Articles: disease.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Randomised controlled trial of treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media in Kenyan schoolchildren.
The outcomes of treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) are disappointing and uncertain, especially in developing countries. Because CSOM is the commonest cause of hearing impairment in children in these countries, an effective method of management that can be implemented on a wide scale is needed. We report a randomised, controlled trial of treatment of CSOM among children in Kenya; unaffected schoolchildren were taught to administer the interventions. ⋯ Our finding that dry mopping plus topical and systemic antibiotics is superior to dry mopping alone contrasts with that of the only previous community-based trial in a developing country, though it accords with findings of most other trials in developed countries. The potential role of antibiotics needs further investigation. Further, similar trials are needed to identify the most cost-effective and appropriate treatment regimen for CSOM in children in developing countries.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Increasing condom use: evaluation of a theory-based intervention to prevent sexually transmitted diseases in young women.
A multicomponent intervention to increase condom use in sexually active young women was designed, implemented, and evaluated in a randomized experiment. Participants were 198 unmarried female college students (mean age = 18.6 years) who received a 1-session condom promotion intervention or a control (stress management) intervention. The condom promotion intervention led to increased self-reported condom use up to 6 months following intervention as well as positive changes in perceived benefits of condom use, affective attitudes toward condom use and condom users, perceived acceptance of sexuality, control over the sexual encounter, perceived self-efficacy for condom use, and intentions to use condoms. Mediational analysis illustrated the mechanisms of the condom promotion intervention effects, linking psychological constructs affected by the intervention (perceived benefits, acceptance of sexuality, control over the sexual encounter, attitudes toward condoms, and self-efficacy for condom use) to condom use intentions.
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The Journal of pediatrics · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA double-blind clinical trial comparing World Health Organization oral rehydration solution with a reduced osmolarity solution containing equal amounts of sodium and glucose.
To compare the safety and efficacy of an oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing 75 mmol/L of sodium and glucose each with the standard World Health Organization (WHO) ORS among Egyptian children with acute diarrhea. ⋯ The reduced osmolarity ORS has beneficial effects on the clinical course of acute diarrhea in children by reducing stool output, and the proportion of children with vomiting during the rehydration phase, and by reducing the need for supplemental intravenous therapy. These results provide support for the use of a reduced osmolarity ORS in children with acute noncholera diarrhea.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison between ketorolac and diclofenac in laparoscopic sterilization.
We compared ketorolac and diclofenac for the prevention and treatment of post-operative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic sterilization. Fifty ASA I or II women were allocated randomly to receive either diclofenac 75 mg or ketorolac 30 mg intramuscularly 30-90 min before general anaesthesia. Pain scores were assessed half-hourly in the recovery room and then at 2 h and 4 h in the ward. ⋯ Pain at the injection site was more common after diclofenac than ketorolac (12 vs. 3, P < 0.05). In conclusion, both intramuscular diclofenac and ketorolac were relatively ineffective in controlling the pain after laparoscopic sterilization. The drugs were equally well tolerated, but more patients complained of pain at the injection site after diclofenac.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Zinc supplementation in young children with acute diarrhea in India.
In developing countries the duration and severity of diarrheal illnesses are greatest among infants and young children with malnutrition and impaired immune status, both factors that may be associated with zinc deficiency. In children with severe zinc deficiency, diarrhea is common and responds quickly to zinc supplementation. ⋯ For infants and young children with acute diarrhea, zinc supplementation results in clinically important reductions in the duration and severity of diarrhea.