Articles: disease.
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Meta Analysis
Nephrologist follow- up care for the AKI-CKD continuum and clinical outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) continuum will increase patients' risk of mortality and long-term dialysis. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to explore the effectiveness of nephrologist care and focus on the follow-up in patients with AKI. ⋯ Nephrologist care for AKI patients after a hospitalization significantly has reduced mortality compared to those followed up by non-nephrologists. There is a trend toward a potentially superior survival rate with nephrologist care has been going well in the recent years.
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Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is one of the major complications of liver disease and significantly affects the quality of life (QOL) of patients. HE is common and frequently relapses in cirrhotic patients. The management of HE is supportive, and precipitating conditions should be eliminated. ⋯ In addition, the optimal management and diagnosis of minimal HE/covert HE are under debate. In this review, we focus on novel pathogenetic mechanisms such as central nervous system clearance, and emerging therapeutic targets of HE, such as fecal material transplantation. We also discuss different classifications and etiologies of HE.
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Because of its severity, prevalence, and medical economic importance, heart failure is a chronic disease that is the subject of intense medical research. The aim of this article was to review the therapeutic innovations of the last decade that have been incorporated into the latest international recommendations for the treatment of heart failure. ⋯ The results of the clinical trials reviewed here represent major advances that will have a significant impact on quality of life, survival, rehospitalisation and, for certain treatments, a beneficial joint effect on commonly associated comorbidities such as diabetes and chronic renal failure.
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Review Observational Study
Prevalence and Clinical Implications of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Isolation and Infection among Patients with Bronchiectasis in the Jerusalem Area.
Bronchiectasis is an obstructive chronic lung disease characterized by structural changes in large and small airways, namely permanent widening of bronchial lumen resulting in chronic inflammation and infection. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental mycobacteria that may cause human infection or colonization with over 150 species identified to date. Bronchiectasis with NTM colonization or infection is often encountered but with varying prevalence and unknown clinical or prognostic significance. ⋯ Bronchiectasis patients with isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa experienced more exacerbations than patients with other isolates, consistent with previous studies.
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Pol. Arch. Med. Wewn. · Feb 2024
ReviewObesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: the role of GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing dramatically, imposing a significant economic burden on our society. Treatment of obesity is challenging, potentially due to different disease phenotypes. Taking into consideration "obesities" rather than "obesity," and thus aiming to understand different pathophysiologic mechanisms of individual phenotypes, might help identify more tailored treatment strategies. ⋯ In the heart, GLP‑1RAs ameliorate cardiomyocyte survival and myocardial contractility, reduce cardiac hypertrophy, and are one of few drugs that can reduce epicardial fat thickness. In this review, we summarize recent evidence concerning the effects of GLP‑1RAs on obesity / dysmetabolism and on cardio- / cerebrovascular health. We further highlight the possible role of GLP‑1RAs in the treatment of obesity‑related CV diseases by describing the principal molecular mechanisms reported in the current literature.