Articles: back-pain.
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Background. Through real-time behavioral observation systems, pain behaviors are commonly used by clinicians to estimate pain intensity in patients with low back pain. However, little is known about how clinicians rely on pain-related behaviors to make their judgment. ⋯ Discussion. The use of additive rule of integration does not appear to be systematic when assessing others' pain. When assessing pain intensity, communicative and protective pain behaviors may have different relevance.
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Modic changes (MC) are associated with low back pain (LBP). Inflammation is considered as a key factor that triggers symptoms in especially type I MC, but so far of the potential inflammatory candidates only TNFα has been linked to MC. The objective of the study was to analyze a set of inflammatory mediators in human surgical disk samples and quantify their association with MC in the adjacent vertebral bodies. ⋯ Since these cytokines are related to differentiation and proliferation of osteoclasts, our data suggest that the stimulation of vertebral osteoclasts by factors secreted by disk tissue is involved in the pathophysiology of MC.
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A systematic review with meta-analysis. ⋯ 1.
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Journal of pain research · Jan 2016
Cross-cultural adaption of the German Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale: an exposure-specific measurement for back pain patients.
Cross-cultural translation and psychometric testing. ⋯ The translation and cross-cultural adaption of the QBPDS into German was successful. The German version proved to be a valid and reliable instrument and is well suited for use in the context of an exposure-based psychological treatment.
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Spinal cord stimulation is commonly used to treat medically intractable pain. Different stimulation designs are used to obtain pain suppression such as tonic stimulation, high frequency stimulation, and burst stimulation. Preliminary analysis of the same data used in this study demonstrated that burst stimulation likely modulates the medial pain pathways in contrast to tonic stimulation. The question arises what different and common supraspinal mechanisms burst and tonic stimulation use. ⋯ These data suggest that burst and tonic stimulation both modulate the descending pain inhibitory system (via pgACC), as well as a self-referential contextual (via PCC) aversive memory system (via parahippocampus). However, burst normalizes the pain supporting/suppressing balance in contrast to tonic mode by a greater effect on the dACC.