Articles: microbial-drug-resistance.
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Multicenter Study
Current Practices of Intraventricular Antibiotic Therapy in the Treatment of Meningitis and Ventriculitis: Results from a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.
Central nervous system (CNS) infections are particularly prevalent in the adult neurocritical care patient population and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Factors relevant to the nature of CNS infections pose significant challenges to clinicians treating afflicted patients. Intraventricular (IVT) administration of antibiotics may offer several benefits over systemic therapy; however, the outcomes and current practices of such treatments are poorly described in the literature. ⋯ Intraventricular antimicrobial agents resulted in a high CSF sterilization rate. Contemporary use of this route typically results in a treatment duration of less than a week. Prospective studies are needed to establish the optimal patient population, as well as the efficacy and safety of this route of administration.
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Multicenter Study
Previous antibiotic exposure and antibiotic resistance of commensal Staphylococcus aureus in Spanish primary care.
Commensal flora of healthy people is becoming an important reservoir of resistant bacteria. ⋯ Although no causal inference is possible, an association was observed between previous antibiotic dispensation and isolation of resistant organisms in community-dwelling individuals, mainly between packages of penicillin and penicillin-resistant staphylococci.
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ANZ journal of surgery · Dec 2016
Multicenter StudyAntibiotic resistance in early periprosthetic joint infection.
Prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduce prosthetic joint infection (PJI) rates after hip and knee arthroplasty. However, rising antibiotic resistance has raised concerns over the adequacy of conventional prophylaxis. This study aimed to identify organisms causing PJIs in hip and knee arthroplasty secondary to perioperative contamination and their susceptibility to current prophylactic antibiotics. ⋯ The majority of bacteria causing early PJI are resistant to cefazolin. Whilst many organisms cultured were susceptible to vancomycin, there is currently insufficient evidence to justify its routine use as a prophylactic. However, when treating PJI in the early postoperative period, surgeons should be aware that most organisms will be methicillin-resistant, and the choice of empirical antibiotic treatment should reflect this.
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Multicenter Study
Bacterial contamination of open fractures - pathogens, antibiotic resistances and therapeutic regimes in four hospitals of the trauma network Cologne, Germany.
The bacterial contamination of soft tissues and bone in open fractures leads to an infection rate of up to 50%. Pathogens and their resistance against therapeutic agents change with time and vary in different regions. In this work, our aims were to characterize the bacterial spectrum present in open fractures, analyze the bacterial resistance to antibiotic agents and question the EAST guideline recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis after open fractures in a German Trauma Network. ⋯ The EAST guideline seems to be adequate in a high percentage of cases (97%) in the setting of the trauma network cologne. Further research should be guided at identification of initial open fracture pathogens to improve the efficiency of antibiotic prophylaxis.
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Dec 2014
Multicenter StudySputum bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adult patients in Nigeria: a 5-year multicentre retrospective study.
A clear knowledge of the pathogens responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a given region and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns is necessary for optimal treatment. We determined the common bacterial pathogens causing CAP in Nigeria and further reviewed their antibiotic senstivity patterns with a view to providing recommendations to improve antibiotic management of CAP. ⋯ Strep. pneumoniae and K. pneumoniae were the most common causes of CAP. The pathogens were most sensitive to levofloxacin and ceftazidime. We suggest that these antibiotics should increasingly be considered as superior options for empirical treatment of CAP in Nigeria.