Articles: vaccination.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Tenofovir and Hepatitis B Virus Transmission During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Standard care for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in highly viremic mothers consists of maternal antiviral prophylaxis beginning at gestational week 28 combined with an HBV vaccine series and HBV immune globulin (HBIG) at birth. However, HBIG is unavailable in some resource-limited areas. ⋯ Among pregnant women with HBV and high levels of viremia, TDF beginning at gestational week 16 combined with HBV vaccination for infants was noninferior to the standard care of TDF beginning at gestational week 28 combined with HBIG and HBV vaccination for infants. These results support beginning TDF at gestational week 16 combined with infant HBV vaccine to prevent MTCT of HBV in geographic areas where HBIG is not available.
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Comment Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
HepB-CpG vs HepB-Alum Vaccine in People With HIV and Prior Vaccine Nonresponse: The BEe-HIVe Randomized Clinical Trial.
Nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine is common among people with HIV, resulting in vulnerability to infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). ⋯ Among people with HIV and nonresponse to prior hepatitis B vaccination, both the 2-dose and 3-dose regimens of HepB-CpG vaccine achieved a superior seroprotection response compared with 3 doses of HepB-alum vaccine.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Clinical Course and Factors Correlated with Severe Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis in Kanagawa, Japan.
Objective Patients undergoing maintenance dialysis are at a higher risk of morbidity and mortality due to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population. However, longitudinal data regarding this subpopulation of patients are lacking. We therefore examined the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 undergoing maintenance dialysis between 2020 and 2023. ⋯ A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for severe morbidity or death was 0.23 (95% confidence interval: 0.07-0.75) for vaccinated patients. Conclusion In patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, the severity rate of COVID-19 is approximately 10%. Vaccination was correlated with a reduced risk of severe COVID-19.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · May 2024
Multicenter StudyImpact of COVID-19 Infection and Its Association With Previous Vaccination in Patients With Myasthenia Gravis in Korea: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) were more susceptible to poor outcomes owing to respiratory muscle weakness and immunotherapy. Several studies conducted in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic reported higher mortality in patients with MG compared to the general population. This study aimed to investigate the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with MG and to compare these parameters between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in South Korea. ⋯ This study suggests that the clinical course and prognosis of patients with MG who contracted COVID-19 during the dominance of the omicron variant of COVID-19 may be milder than those at the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic when vaccination was unavailable. Vaccination may reduce the morbidity of COVID-19 in patients with MG and effectively prevent MG deterioration induced by COVID-19 infection.
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Clinical observations indicated that vaccine-induced immune thrombosis with thrombocytopenia (VITT)-associated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) often has a space-occupying effect and thus necessitates decompressive surgery (DS). While comparing with non-VITT CVST, this study explored whether VITT-associated CVST exhibits a more fulminant clinical course, different perioperative and intensive care unit management, and worse long-term outcome. ⋯ Although the prediction of individual courses remains challenging, DS should be considered early in VITT-associated CVST because an overall favorable outcome appears achievable in these patients.