Articles: postoperative-pain.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Dec 2001
The flow rate of the elastomeric balloon infusor is influenced by the internal pressure of the infusor.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the flow rate of elastomeric balloon infusor composed of rubber or silicone materials. Two models were studied: the Baxter Twoday Infusor and Advance Silicone Infusor. Each infusion device has a preset flow rate of 2 mL/hr. ⋯ Both devices initially infused at a relatively high rate, followed by a somewhat steady flow rate. The flow rate distinctly increased in the small residual volume. The flow rate of the balloon infusor used in this study was not sustained uniformly during the entire delivery period and was in proportion to the internal pressure of the infusor regardless of the materials.
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This two-part review summarizes the current knowledge of physiological mechanisms, pharmacological modalities and controversial issues surrounding preemptive analgesia. ⋯ The variable patient characteristics and timing of preemptive analgesia in relation to surgical noxious input require individualization of the technique(s) chosen. Multi-modal analgesic techniques appear more effective.
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The visual analog scale is widely used in research studies, but its connection with clinical experience outside the research setting and the best way to administer the VAS forms are not well established. This study defines changes in dosing of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia as a clinically relevant outcome and compares it with VAS measures of postoperative pain. ⋯ When pain is an outcome measure in research studies, grouping final VAS scores into a small number of categories provides greater clinical relevance for comparisons than using the full spectrum of measured values or changes in value. Seeing an earlier VAS form has no apparent influence on later values.
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Effective postoperative analgesia is a fundamental goal of patient management in the ambulatory surgery setting. There is a physiologic, psychological, and economic cost to unrelieved pain in the postoperative patient. ⋯ Severe postoperative pain continues to be a problem in ambulatory patients once they are discharged to the home environment. This article looks at fundamental concepts in pain management and integrates these ideas into a comprehensive strategy for the management of postoperative pain in the ambulatory patient.