Articles: postoperative-pain.
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In ureterorenoscopy, anaesthesiologists are preferring regional anaesthesia to avoid postoperative complications, while surgeons are preferring general anaesthesia to avoid ureteral trauma. China has not published its guidelines and not referring to the European Association of Urology guidelines. The objectives of study were to evaluate the effects of general, spinal, and epidural anaesthesia on ureter access and surgical outcomes of ureterorenoscopy. ⋯ This study suggests general anaesthesia for flexible ureterorenoscopy if there is no contraindication.KEY MESSAGEGeneral anaesthesia facilitates early dilatation of ureters and access to the stone.No strong correlation of the anaesthesia method of choice with lithotripsy time, operation time, intraoperative complications, stone-free conditions, and length of hospital stays.Epidural and spinal anaesthesia have advantages of fewer postoperative pain and better postoperative outcomes for flexible ureterorenoscopy.
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Virtual reality is a promising method to manage pain. Distraction-based virtual reality (VR-D) is thought to reduce pain by redirecting attention. Although VR-D can reduce pain associated with acutely painful procedures, it is unclear whether VR-D can reduce pain after surgery. We assessed the ability of a single VR-D session to decrease postoperative pain and anxiety and explored whether pain catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity influenced these outcomes in children after surgery. ⋯ VR-D may be beneficial in transiently reducing pain intensity, unpleasantness, and anxiety in children with postoperative pain. This study informs the design of a larger, randomized, controlled study assessing VR-D for acute postoperative pain and anxiety management.