Articles: human.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Motivational interviewing retention counseling and adherence to early infant diagnostic HIV testing schedule in South Africa: The PAEDLINK randomized trial.
We report the PAEDLINK randomized trial results on the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) retention counseling on the adherence of postpartum women to the early infant diagnostic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing schedule. ⋯ MI retention counseling can reduce delays in the early infant diagnosis testing schedule for HIV-exposed infants. However, further support is necessary to maximize later HIV tests and maternal retention.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Survival with Cemiplimab in Recurrent Cervical Cancer.
Patients with recurrent cervical cancer have a poor prognosis. Cemiplimab, the fully human programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)-blocking antibody approved to treat lung and skin cancers, has been shown to have preliminary clinical activity in this population. ⋯ Survival was significantly longer with cemiplimab than with single-agent chemotherapy among patients with recurrent cervical cancer after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi; EMPOWER-Cervical 1/GOG-3016/ENGOT-cx9 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03257267.).
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet on reported pain, blood biomarkers and quality of life in patients with chronic pain: A pilot randomised clinical trial.
A low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet has been reported to improve chronic pain by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and sensitivity within the nervous system. The main aim of this trial is to evaluate the effects of a ketogenic diet on reported pain, blood biomarkers and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. ⋯ The implementation of a whole-food diet that restricts ultra-processed foods is a valid pain management tool; however, a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets may have potentially greater pain reduction, weight loss and mood improvements.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Dolutegravir as First- or Second-Line Treatment for HIV-1 Infection in Children.
Children with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have limited options for effective antiretroviral treatment (ART). ⋯ In this trial involving children and adolescents with HIV-1 infection who were starting first- or second-line treatment, dolutegravir-based ART was superior to standard care. (Funded by ViiV Healthcare; ODYSSEY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02259127; EUDRACT number, 2014-002632-14; and ISRCTN number, ISRCTN91737921.).
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Trial of Spesolimab for Generalized Pustular Psoriasis.
Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare, life-threatening, inflammatory skin disease characterized by widespread eruption of sterile pustules. Interleukin-36 signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Spesolimab, a humanized anti-interleukin-36 receptor monoclonal antibody, is being studied for the treatment of GPP flares. ⋯ In a phase 2 randomized trial involving patients with GPP, the interleukin-36 receptor inhibitor spesolimab resulted in a higher incidence of lesion clearance at 1 week than placebo but was associated with infections and systemic drug reactions. Longer and larger trials are warranted to determine the effect and risks of spesolimab in patients with pustular psoriasis. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim; Effisayil 1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03782792.).