Articles: human.
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International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock RELEASE DATE: January 21, 2024 PRIOR VERSION(S): International Pediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference: Definitions for Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction in Pediatrics (2005) DEVELOPER: Society of Critical Care Medicine FUNDING SOURCE: Society of Critical Care Medicine (grant R01HD105939 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development) TARGET POPULATION: Children with sepsis and septic shock.
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Commonly used models for eliciting muscle pain involve the injection of algesic substances or the induction of delayed onset muscle soreness. The former require invasive procedures, and the time frame for pain induction and subsidence in the latter can be inconvenient. This study presents a detailed spatiotemporal characterization of a new experimental model of muscle pain based on short-wave diathermy (SWD), developed to overcome the limitations of existing models. ⋯ SWD produces deep heating in muscles by converting electromagnetic energy to thermal energy. It was previously shown that it can be used to elicit experimental pain in the forearm muscles, and the present study demonstrates that this can be reliably generalized to other body sites, such as the shoulder. Furthermore, SWD application is non-invasive and presents a convenient time frame for pain induction and subsidence, thus overcoming limitations associated with traditional muscle pain models.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Nov 2024
Historical ArticleTwo sides to every story: Reappraising the early history of liver transplantation at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge.
Over the course of the past six decades, liver transplantation has evolved to become the treatment of choice for chronic end-stage liver disease and some cases of acute hepatic failure. Currently, more than 34,000 liver transplants are conducted worldwide per annum, and overall one year survival rates exceed 90%. However, the early years of human liver transplantation were beset by failure. ⋯ This article outlines the results of research aimed at critically appraising this postscript. In doing so a number of unexpected discoveries were made. These highlight some important lessons for medical historians and demonstrate that if you look hard enough, there really are two sides to every story.
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Epigenetics has gained considerable interest as potential mediators of molecular alterations that could underlie the prolonged sensitization of nociceptors, neurons, and glia in response to various environmental stimuli. Histone acetylation and deacetylation, key processes in modulating chromatin, influence gene expression; elevated histone acetylation enhances transcriptional activity, whereas decreased acetylation leads to DNA condensation and gene repression. Altered levels of histone deacetylase (HDAC) have been detected in various animal pain models, and HDAC inhibitors have demonstrated analgesic effects in these models, indicating HDACs' involvement in chronic pain pathways. ⋯ Moreover, methodological limitations have previously impeded an in-depth study of epigenetic changes in the human brain. In this study, we employed [ 11 C]Martinostat, an HDAC-selective radiotracer, positron emission tomography to assess HDAC availability in the brains of 23 patients with chronic low back pain (cLBP) and 11 age-matched and sex-matched controls. Our data revealed a significant reduction of [ 11 C]Martinostat binding in several brain regions associated with pain processing in patients with cLBP relative to controls, highlighting the promising potential of targeting HDAC modulation as a therapeutic strategy for cLBP.
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We have assessed the chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer, a type of artificial intelligence software designed to simulate conversations with human users, in an experiment designed to test its relevance to scientific writing. chatbot Generative Pretrained Transformer could become a promising and powerful tool for tasks such as automated draft generation, which may be useful in academic activities to make writing work faster and easier. However, the use of this tool in scientific writing raises some ethical concerns and therefore there have been calls for it to be regulated. ⋯ To detect the author is a complex task and requires thorough critical reading to reach a conclusion. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to explore the pros and cons of the use of chatbots in scientific writing.