Articles: general-anesthesia.
-
Two commercially available complete anesthetic simulators were studied in the United States. Although there are some differences between the two systems, each consists of an adult manikin allowing some direct anesthetic interventions, a system of producing physiologic signals to any commercial monitoring system, and the ability to interface with an anesthetic machine and ventilator. In addition, both simulators model the responses to a variety of drugs used by anesthetists. ⋯ Now available are combined systems using manikins controlled by computer, with interfaces to anesthetic machines, ventilators, and monitoring equipment. Two systems are commercially available in the United States. In this report, we briefly describe their technical specifications and how we saw them being used.
-
AIM. To evaluate the validity of general anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in pediatrics in a series of 163 patients. MONITORING. ⋯ Measurement of every complication during and after anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS. In pediatric anesthesia LMA represents a good link between anesthetic equipment and the patient.
-
Ann Fr Anesth Reanim · Jan 1996
Comparative Study[Changes in intraocular pressure during anesthesia with intratracheal intubation or laryngeal mask].
To compare the effects of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), and the tracheal tube (TT) insertion on intra-ocular pressure (IOP) in eye surgery. ⋯ LMA insertion does not elicit significant haemodynamic or IOP changes. Conversely, the TT increases HR, MAP and IOP. These changes can be deleterious in case of emergency surgery for perforating eye injuries. The LMA can be recommended as an alternative to TT in eye surgery, provided security rules are followed, because of the risk of displacement of LMA during surgery.
-
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl · Jan 1996
Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction and perianesthetic heat transfer.
Heat transfer between the core and its environment in normothermic and slightly hypothermic situations is determined largely by the influence of vasomotion on convection. Tonic vasoconstriction, the normal barrier to heat loss from the core, is impaired upon induction of anesthesia. The resulting dilation of the arteriovenous shunts leads to redistribution of heat from the core to the periphery, diminishing the temperature gradient between the two compartments. ⋯ Under normal conditions of mild thermal stress, thermoregulatory vasoconstriction is thus able to protect core temperature by reducing cutaneous heat transfer and functionally isolating the peripheral and core thermal compartments. Consequently, anesthetic-induced alterations in vasomotor tone is one of the major factors influencing core temperature in patients who are not actively cooled or warmed. In contrast, thermoregulatory tone is insufficient to prevent core temperature perturbations in patients undergoing vigorous cutaneous cooling or warming.
-
To analyze the relationship between the development of postoperative delirium and a change of the patient's room, 1,006 cases of patients who had undergone surgery with general anesthesia were reviewed. Postoperative delirium developed in 84 (8.3%) cases. On the basis of symptomatic features, postoperative delirium was divided into four types: (1) excitement type, (2) excitement-hallucination type, (3) hallucination type, and (4) disorientation type. ⋯ Of 29 hallucination types, 22 developed after a room change while 20 of these 22 cases were transferred to a single room before POD 2. A quiet, dark, and isolated environment in a single room is suggest to contribute to the development of hallucinations. The development of postoperative delirium with hallucinations alone should thus be taken into consideration whenever a room change is decided.