Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · May 1995
The prone positioning during general anesthesia minimally affects respiratory mechanics while improving functional residual capacity and increasing oxygen tension.
We investigated the effects of the prone position on the mechanical properties (compliance and resistance) of the total respiratory system, the lung, and the chest wall, and the functional residual capacity (FRC) and gas exchange in 17 normal, anesthetized, and paralyzed patients undergoing elective surgery. We used the esophageal balloon technique together with rapid airway occlusions during constant inspiratory flow to partition the mechanics of the respiratory system into its pulmonary and chest wall components. FRC was measured by the helium dilution technique. ⋯ L-1.s, P < 0.05). Both FRC and PaO2 markedly (P < 0.01) increased from the supine to the prone position (1.9 +/- 0.6 vs 2.9 +/- 0.7 L, P < 0.01, and 160 +/- 37 vs 199 +/- 16 mm Hg, P < 0.01, respectively), whereas PaCO2 was unchanged. In conclusion, the prone position during general anesthesia does not negatively affect respiratory mechanics and improves lung volumes and oxygenation.
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Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) have an ethical obligation to assure the safety of the anesthetized patient. Maintenance of orotracheal tube intra-cuff pressure (IcP) in a range preventing aspiration and avoiding tracheal ischemia is one way to enhance patient safety. Currently, no standardized method of cuff inflation and IcP maintenance is used in anesthesia practice. ⋯ Elapsed time for the IcP increase ranged from 2 to 52 minutes (mean = 12.34, median = 8 minutes). During anesthesia with 50% to 70% N2O, IcP will increase from initial safe levels to ischemia producing levels. Devices and approaches designed to limit N2O induced IcP increase have been described, however only direct IcP monitoring has been shown to assure safe initial and ongoing IcP.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Apr 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial[Behavior of intraocular pressure in anesthesia with isoflurane in comparison with propofol/alfentanil].
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Influence of gas composition on recurrence of atelectasis after a reexpansion maneuver during general anesthesia.
Atelectasis, an important cause of impaired gas exchange during general anesthesia, may be eliminated by a vital capacity maneuver. However, it is not clear whether such a maneuver will have a sustained effect. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of gas composition on reappearance of atelectasis and impairment of gas exchange after a vital capacity maneuver. ⋯ The composition of inspiratory gas plays an important role in the recurrence of collapse of previously reexpanded atelectatic lung tissue during general anesthesia in patients with healthy lungs. The reason for the instability of these lung units remains to be established. The change in the amount of atelectasis and shunt appears to be independent of the change in the compliance of the respiratory system.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · Apr 1995
Review[Allergic and pseudo-allergic reactions in anesthesia. II: Symptoms, diagnosis, therapy, prevention].
In this article we present the symptomatic features and discuss relevant diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of anaphylactoid reactions. In addition we give practical advice as to how to avoid and manage allergic or pseudoallergic reactions during anaesthesia. ⋯ Preventive measures like careful premedication, calm atmosphere, slow injection of drugs, the use of diluted solutions, and the use of drugs with a low potential for anaphylactoid reactions are important. Substances like inhalation anaesthetics, propofol, etomidate, ketamine, midazolam, fentanyl, alfentanil and bupivacain without epinephrine should be used.