Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Double-blind comparison between doxapram and pethidine in the treatment of postanaesthetic shivering.
Sixty patients who shivered after routine surgery under general anaesthesia were allocated randomly to receive normal saline (n = 20), doxapram 1.5 mg kg-1 (n = 20) or pethidine 0.33 mg kg-1 (n = 20). Both doxapram and pethidine were effective in treating postoperative shivering 2-3 min after i.v. administration. ⋯ In the pethidine group, all patients had stopped shivering by 7 min after treatment. We conclude that both doxapram and pethidine were effective in the treatment of postoperative shivering.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of intravenous, epidural and intrathecal sufentanil analgesia as a supplement to general anaesthesia for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery.
Sixty ASA Grade II-III patients, without clinical symptoms of ventricular dysfunction and scheduled for elective bifemoral grafting for abdominal aneurysms, were allocated randomly to three equal groups to receive 150 micrograms sufentanil intravenously, epidurally or intrathecally. All patients received midazolam, vecuronium and nitrous oxide. Except for right ventricular stroke work index and pulmonary vascular resistance, all haemodynamic measurements decreased after sufentanil injection, but to the greatest extent after intravenous injection. ⋯ Despite the changes in systemic vascular resistance and the concordant alterations in cardiac index after aortic cross-clamping and revascularization, intrathecal sufentanil provided more stability in heart rate than intravenous or epidural sufentanil. In conclusion, intrathecal sufentanil produced the most stable heart rate. Two patients in the intrathecal group developed spinal headaches post-operatively.
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We studied mid-latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP) during induction of general anaesthesia with ketamine 2 mg kg-1. MLAEP were recorded before, during and after induction of general anaesthesia on the vertex (positive) and mastoid (negative) positions. Latencies of the peak V, Na, Pa, Nb, P1 and amplitudes Na/Pa, Pa/Nb and Nb/P1 were measured. ⋯ Amplitudes and latencies of MLAEP did not change during induction of general anaesthesia with ketamine. Primary processing of auditory stimuli in the primary auditory cortex seemed to be preserved under ketamine. Suppression of sensory (auditory) information processing must take place at a higher cortical level in a dissociative manner.
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Comparative Study
[Effects of laryngeal mask airway on circulation and on incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness].
We studied the effects of laryngeal mask airway (LM) insertion on circulation and on the incidence of postoperative sore throat or hoarseness as compared with tracheal intubation in 50 pediatric patients. LM insertion caused less change of heart rate and systolic blood pressure than tracheal intubation. The incidence of postoperative sore throat and hoarseness was less in the patient of LM group. We conclude that LM is useful in pediatric anesthesia when less circulatory changes are desirable or when the postoperative sore throat or hoarseness is to be avoided.