Articles: general-anesthesia.
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In nine patients, with preoperative ICP monitoring, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone 5 mg kg-1 given over 1 min, followed by pancuronium 0.1 mg kg-1. After manual hyperventilation with nitrous oxide and oxygen for 3 min they were given thiopentone 2.5 mg kg-1 over 30 s (phase 1); 30 s later laryngoscopy was performed and topical analgesia administered to the larynx. Endotracheal intubation was performed 1 min after spraying the cords (phase 2). ⋯ Although there was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in MAP at the end of the second dose of thiopentone, there were no other significant changes in ICP, MAP or PaCO2 throughout the study. In two patients there were transient decreases in cerebral perfusion pressure to less than 60 mm Hg. Although MAP increased in five of the patients during laryngoscopy and intubation, there was no increase in ICP, showing that the MAP was still within the autoregulatory limits.
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Anaesth Intensive Care · Nov 1984
The influence on foetal outcome of maternal carbon dioxide tension at caesarean section under general anaesthesia.
The influence on foetal outcome of maternal PCO2 at caesarean section under general anaesthesia was assessed in 27 "clinically acceptable ideal patients" as defined by Crawford. A standard anaesthetic technique was employed which utilised left lateral tilt and an F1O2 of 0.5. ⋯ No relationship was found between clinically measured parameters of foetal outcome and maternal end-tidal PCO2. The relevant literature is reviewed.
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J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. · Nov 1984
Case ReportsBenzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia during general anesthesia.
A case is reported in which a patient developed cyanosis under general anesthesia due to methemoglobinemia. The cause of the methemoglobinemia was benzocaine applied topically to the pharynx and trachea. ⋯ If possible, determination of arterial blood gases should be made to obtain the methemoglobin concentration. Finally, all medical and dental personnel using benzocaine should be aware of the recommended dose and the possible complications of overdosage.
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Sixty-seven patients undergoing general anaesthesia for exodontia as outpatients were studied in order to measure the levels of oxygen saturation. Both the anaesthesia and extractions were performed by fourth year dental undergraduates working under direct supervision. Falls in oxygen saturation in excess of 5% were found in three groups of patients receiving 20%, 25%, and 30% oxygen in the inspired mixture.
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Efficacy of neostigmine (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) and edrophonium (1 mg/kg), as antagonists for pancuronium neuromuscular blockade in halothane-anesthetized ponies, was evaluated. Neostigmine and edrophonium were satisfactory antagonists, with edrophonium having a significantly (P less than 0.01) more rapid onset of action than did neostigmine. Muscarinic activity of neostigmine and edrophonium was also evaluated. ⋯ Blood pressure increased within 1 to 2 minutes of antagonist administration. Heart rate decreased after edrophonium injection, but this occurred after blood pressure increase. Heart rate increased or did not change after neostigmine administration.