Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The effect of brief pre-anesthetic exercise therapy of jaw and neck joints on mouth opening, neck extension, and intubation conditions during induction of general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial.
The effort to improve tracheal intubation process is clinically valuable. We hypothesized that a preoperative brief exercise therapy would increase mouth opening and neck extension, enhancing intubation conditions during general anesthesia. ⋯ The brief pre-anesthetic exercise improved intubation conditions and enabled faster tracheal intubation with less injury to oropharyngeal soft tissue.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure/recruitment manoeuvres compared with zero end-expiratory pressure on atelectasis during open gynaecological surgery as assessed by ultrasonography: a randomised controlled trial.
Why is this important?
Although we have moved beyond routinely using high tidal volumes in favour of ’protective ventilation strategies’ the specifics of what is protective and what improves outcomes is controversial. Previous trials have struggled to demonstrate post-operative respiratory benefits from protective strategies.
What did they do?
In this small randomised controlled trial, Généreux et al. investigated whether intraoperative PEEP (7 cmH2O) and recruitment manoeuvres (RM) q30min would reduce atelectasis post-extubation. Using ultrasound to measure intraoperative and post-operative atelectasis gives their study greater flexibility than other studies using CT scanning, generally considered the gold standard for atelectasis measurement.
And they found...
Among 34-85 yo women undergoing open gynae-oncology surgery >2h duration, there was no post-extubation difference in atelectasis whether receiving PEEP/RM or zero PEEP.
Not so fast
There was however less intraoperative atelectasis among the protective ventilation group, supporting the common use of PEEP and RM to improve oxygenation during surgery. Additionally, they specifically excluded morbidly obese women (BMI > 40 kg/m2), an increasingly common demographic at risk of ventilation challenges.
Nonetheless this study adds to the evidence that current protective ventilation strategies do not actually reduce post-operative respiratory complications.
Be smart
One interesting observation was the large amount of inter-patient variability, the researchers noting:
“...this heterogeneity highlights the need to dynamically monitor lung aeration changes and personalise our delivery of mechanical ventilation in the perioperative setting.”
As with many perioperative interventions, the benefits may in fact lie in the personalisation of our care for each individual patient.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Comparison of volume-controlled, pressure-controlled, and pressure-controlled volume-guaranteed ventilation during robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery in the Trendelenburg position.
Background: Pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed (PCV-VG) is being increasingly used for ventilation during general anesthesia. Carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position is routinely used during robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Here, we hypothesized that PCV-VG would reduce peak inspiratory pressure (Ppeak), compared to volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). ⋯ Mean inspiratory pressure (Pmean) was higher in the PCV and PCV-VG groups than in the VCV group (p<0.001). Dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) was lower in the VCV group than in the PCV and PCV-VG groups (p=0.001). Conclusion: Compared to VCV, PCV and PCV-VG provided lower Ppeak, higher Pmean, and improved Cdyn, without significant differences in hemodynamic variables or arterial blood gas results during robot-assisted laparoscopic gynecologic surgery with Trendelenburg position.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 2020
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyCombined epidural-general anaesthesia vs. general anaesthesia in neonatal gastrointestinal surgery: A randomised controlled trial.
Post-operative ileus is a frequent complication of gastrointestinal surgery under general anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to investigate whether combined epidural-general anaesthesia is associated with expedited gastrointestinal function recovery in neonates undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery. ⋯ Combined epidural-general anaesthesia is associated with expedited gastrointestinal function recovery and a lower infection risk after gastrointestinal surgery in neonates.
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Ulus Travma Acil Cer · Jan 2020
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of epidural analgesia combined with general anesthesia and general anesthesia for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients.
Cognitive dysfunction in the early postoperative course is common for the elderly population. Anesthetic management may affect postoperative cognitive decline. Effective analgesia, early recovery and modulation of the stress response are advantages of neuraxial blocks. This study aims to compare the effects of general anesthesia and the combination of general anesthesia with epidural analgesia for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). We hypothesized that neuraxial block combined with general anesthesia (GA) would have a favorable influence on POCD prevention. ⋯ General anesthesia and epidural analgesia combined with general anesthesia resulted in similar POCD in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. However, in combined anesthesia group memory, language skills and visuospatial functions appeared to be better preserved. Effective pain control might contribute to preventing cognitive decline in some domains.