Articles: pain-management-methods.
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Along with a well-documented increase in opioid use disorder (OUD) and a rapidly escalating rate of fatal overdose in North America, inadequate management of chronic pain remains a pervasive problem. The increasing number of individuals living with OUD also experience multiple cancer risk factors, which are related to their substance use, while people with cancer diagnoses have similar risks of current or past addiction as the general population. ⋯ Managing cancer pain at the end of life is more challenging in people with current or past substance use disorder (SUD), especially OUD. Addressing these challenges requires confronting stigmas and stereotypes, building knowledge among palliative care providers and assessing the risks and benefits of opioids for pain management on an individual basis in order to continue to provide the holistic care.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Subdissociative Dose Ketamine Is Effective for Treating Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Pain.
Subdissociative-dose ketamine (SDDK) is used to treat acute pain. We sought to determine if SDDK is effective in relieving acute exacerbations of chronic pain. ⋯ Ketamine infusions at both 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg over 20 minutes were effective in treating acute exacerbations of chronic pain but resulted in more adverse effects compared to placebo. Ketamine did not demonstrate longer-term pain control over the next 24 to 48 hours.
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Sports Med Arthrosc · Sep 2019
ReviewPerioperative Pain Management and Avoidance of Long-term Opioid Use.
The opioid epidemic continues to be a problem in the United States and prescription opioid overdose fatalities continue to rise. Chronic opioid use threatens military readiness and puts service members at risk for medical separation from military service. Orthopedic surgeons commonly prescribe opioid medications for postsurgical patients. ⋯ Overprescribing may increase the risk of long-term opioid use, medication diversion and adverse outcomes. Preoperative administration of opioids dramatically increases the risk of continued use up to 1 year after surgery. Strategies to minimize opioid use include opioid-specific preoperative counseling, multimodal analgesia with opioid-sparing oral and intravenous medications, regional anesthesia, minimizing tourniquet use, and preoperative behavioral health evaluation.
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Interlaminar and transforaminal epidural steroid injections (ILESI and TFESI) are commonly performed procedures. However, the United States Food and Drug Administration has required the addition of drug warning labels for injectable corticosteroids. Updated evidence and scrutiny from regulatory agencies may affect practice patterns. ⋯ Epidrual steroid injections, transforaminal epidural steroid injection, steroids, local anesthetic, survey, interventional pain.
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Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol · Sep 2019
ReviewPostoperative acute pain challenges in patients with cancer.
It is expected that the number of surgical procedures to diagnose, treat, and palliate cancers will increase in the near future. While many of those interventions can be performed with minimally invasive techniques, others require surgical large incisions and in some instances, they involve multiple areas of the body (i.e., tumor resections with flap reconstructions). Pain after major oncological procedures can be severe and many times difficult to treat as patients can present to the operating room with several conditions including preoperative pain (i.e., rapidly growing tumors and painful neuropathies), opioid tolerance, and contraindications to nonopioid analgesics or regional anesthesia. ⋯ Furthermore, it has been theorized that poorly treated pain is associated with cancer recurrence and a reduced survival. Lastly, recent research questions the oncological safety of robotic surgery in gynecological procedures and indicates the need of open surgeries, which will be associated with an increased risk in moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. In conclusion, the management of acute postoperative pain in patients with cancer can be challenging.