Articles: pain-management-methods.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Modification of experimental, lower limb ischemic pain with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been shown to be effective for the reduction of experimentally induced ischemic pain in the upper limb. No studies have been published on the effects of TENS for lower limb ischemic pain. ⋯ HF-TENS had stronger modifying effects on several aspects of laboratory-induced ischemic pain than did P-TENS. HF-TENS delayed the onset of pain, reduced pain levels, and delayed the onset of extreme pain over a period of several minutes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Addressing methodological challenges in implementing the nursing home pain management algorithm randomized controlled trial.
Unrelieved pain among nursing home (NH) residents is a well-documented problem. Attempts have been made to enhance pain management for older adults, including those in NHs. Several evidence-based clinical guidelines have been published to assist providers in assessing and managing acute and chronic pain in older adults. Despite the proliferation and dissemination of these practice guidelines, research has shown that intensive systems-level implementation strategies are necessary to change clinical practice and patient outcomes within a health-care setting. One promising approach is the embedding of guidelines into explicit protocols and algorithms to enhance decision making. ⋯ Methodological challenges are inevitable in the conduct of an RCT. The need to optimize internal validity by adhering to the study protocol is compromised by the emergent logistical issues that arise during the course of the study.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the effects of low-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on central pain modulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an analgesic current that is used in many acute and chronic painful states. The aim of this study was to investigate central pain modulation by low-frequency TENS. ⋯ We suggest that a 1-session low-frequency TENS may induce analgesic effect through modulation of discriminative, affective, and motor aspects of central pain perception.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The efficacy of acupuncture in human pain models: a randomized, controlled, double-blinded study.
Acupuncture is frequently used to treat pain, although data supporting the analgesic efficacy from placebo-controlled studies is sparse. In order to get evidence for acupuncture analgesia we performed a study with 2 well-recognized experimental human pain models - the cold-pressor (CP) test and intradermal capsaicin injection. Fifty healthy men were included. ⋯ In addition, there was no placebo response. Attitude towards acupuncture and partial unblinding did not affect the results. We conclude that acupuncture on predefined points has a minor effect on experimental pain in healthy subjects.
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Complement Ther Clin Pract · Aug 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparing the effects of ice massage and acupressure on labor pain reduction.
Childbirth is arguably one of the most painful experiences women undergo during their lives. This study aimed to compare the effects of ice massage, acupressure and placebo in reducing the intensity of labor pain in pregnant women from selected hospitals in Tehran, Iran. ⋯ Ice massage and acupressure techniques reduced pain during labor. However, ice massage provided more persistent pain relief. Due to high levels of pain intensity and increased pain experienced by the women during the active phase of labor, it is suggested that repeating these techniques during the first stage of labor could be an effective, accessible, cost-effective and non-invasive technique to help reduce the intensity of labor pain.