Articles: pain-measurement.
-
Clinical nursing research · Feb 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialTesting a model of the nursing assessment of infant pain.
The purpose of this study was to test whether elements of an infant pain assessment model interacted as postulated by the model. The elements are the infant's response to comfort measures and the principle of consolability. Four different scenarios for each of 16 videotaped infants were prepared. ⋯ Forty-eight volunteer pediatric nurses assessed infant pain of 16 scenarios, each depicting one of the 16 infants. Mean level of assessed pain was highest for the "high likelihood of pain and difficult to console" group, second highest for the "high likelihood of pain and easily consoled" group, third highest for the "low likelihood of pain and difficult to console" group and least for the "low likelihood of pain and easily consoled" group. Findings supported the infant pain assessment model.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Evaluation of the use of a pain diary in chronic cancer pain patients at home.
Systematic assessment of pain is the basis for adequate pain treatment. In the home situation, however, it is difficult to assess patients' pain intensity. A group of 159 cancer patients who had been admitted to a cancer hospital with pain caused by cancer, cancer therapy, or illness that persisted for at least 1 month received a pain diary. ⋯ When comparing pain scores obtained by patient interview with scores obtained by pain diary, results showed that Present Pain Intensity scores, rather than Average Pain Intensity scores, should be used in both the clinical and the home setting because patients' recall accuracy depends, in part, on the stability of the pain. Because the pain intensity scores fluctuate greatly during the day and over a period of time, the use of a pain diary is useful in the home setting. In 60% of the patients, completing the pain scores helped them to cope with the pain.
-
Anesthesia progress · Jan 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialThe effect of a new type of video glasses on the perceived intensity of pain and unpleasantness evoked by a cold pressor test.
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether distraction induced by a new generation of video glasses (I-Glasses, Virtual i-O, Seattle, WA) has an effect on the perceived intensity of pain and unpleasantness. The effects of three-dimensional video, two-dimensional video, and no video glasses (control) were compared in two groups of healthy volunteers (13 males and 11 females) in a randomized, controlled trial. A cold pressor stimulus (1-2 degrees C chilled water) was used to induce experimental pain, and the volunteers rated the intensity of pain and unpleasantness on 100-mm visual analogue scales. ⋯ Three-dimensional video provided a significant reduction in both pain and unpleasantness (P < .01) compared with the control condition in the male group. However, in the female group, there was a significant reduction in unpleasantness with two-dimensional video compared with the control (P < .05). This suggests that the use of distraction by means of video glasses is able to reduce the perceived intensity of pain and unpleasantness.
-
Ugeskrift for laeger · Nov 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Prophylactic use of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in connection with IUD insertion].
In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study conducted at a contraception clinic, 55 women (three nulliparous) were given either ibuprofen 600 mg or placebo 1-4 hours prior to insertion of IUD, 4-6 hours after insertion of IUD and the following morning. Pain was assessed by ten point Numerical Rating Scales during insertion, in the first 4-6 hours and in the following three days. ⋯ The patients were further randomized to type of IUD: TCu-380A and Nova T (R.). No difference in pain scores was evaluated between these.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
An intrusive impact of anchors in children's faces pain scales.
The numerous pain rating scales using faces depicting varying degrees of distress to elicit reports of pain from children fall into two categories; those with a neutral face as the 'no pain' anchor, and those with a smiling face as the 'no pain' anchor. This study examined the potentially biasing impact of these anchor types on children's self-reports of pain in response to a series of vignettes. Participants were 100 children stratified by age (5-6 years, 7-8 years, 9-12 years) and randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) neutral scale/sensory instructions; (2) smiling scale/sensory instructions; (3) smiling scale/affective instructions. ⋯ Group differences in children's ratings with the VAS and emotions measure suggested that rating pain with a smiling faces scale may alter a child's concept of pain. Age differences indicated the younger children rated the negative emotion vignettes as more painful than the older children. These findings suggest that children's pain ratings vary depending on the types of faces scale used, and that faces scales with smiling anchors may confound affective states with pain ratings.