Articles: lung-diseases.
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Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5-positive dermatomyositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MDA5+DM-ILD) often leads to acute respiratory failure and endangers lives. This study quantitatively analysed chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) images to assess MDA5+DM-ILD and establish a risk prediction model for severe ILD within six months. ⋯ The STRAD-Ro52 model assists in identifying MDA5+DM patients at risk of developing severe ILD within six months, further optimizing precise disease management and clinical research design.
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Cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver disease. Cirrhosis causes portal hypertension, which, in turn, can lead to acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF), which is defined as acute decompensation combined with failure of the liver, coagulation system, kidneys, lungs, and/or circulatory system, or hepatic encephalopathy. ⋯ Liver transplantation is currently the only curative option for ACLF but is not suitable for all patients because of the narrow therapeutic window and the common presence of contraindications. Prospective data are lacking that would aid in the selection of patients for liver transplantation so that post-transplantation survival rates can be improved.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Feb 2025
Mucoid Staphylococcus aureus - Prevalence and Association with Lung Function in People with Cystic Fibrosis.
The mucoid phenotype of Staphylococcus aureus is caused by adaptation. Excessive biofilm formation associated with a protective effect for mucoid S. aureus was observed in isolates from respiratory samples of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF). However, there is little knowledge about the prevalence of mucoid S. aureus in pwCF and a potential association with CF lung disease. ⋯ In the era of highly effective modulator therapy, worse lung function was associated with female and P. aeruginosa-negative pwCF with mucoid S. aureus compared to pwCF with only non-mucoid S. aureus. Therefore, appropriate culture conditions should be established to detect mucoid S. aureus. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the relationship between mucoid S. aureus and CF lung disease.
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With the increasing utilization of cancer therapy, the incidence of lung injury associated with these treatments continues to rise. The recognition of pulmonary toxicity related to cancer therapy has become increasingly critical, for which interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common cause of mortality. ⋯ This review aims to provide valuable information on the risk factors associated with CT-ILD; elucidate its underlying mechanisms; discuss its clinical features, imaging, and histological manifestations; and emphasize the clinical-related views of its diagnosis. In addition, this review provides an overview of grading, typing, and staging treatment strategies used for the management of CT-ILD.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with the prevalence of the disease continually rising. Therefore, identifying disease-modifying risk factors is critical, with increasing recognition of the impact of sleep quality/sleep disorders. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on the role of five domains of sleep on lung cancer incidence and progression: (i) sleep quality/duration, (ii) sleep disordered breathing, (iii) circadian rhythm disturbances, (iv) sleep-related movement disorders and (v) personal, environmental and social factors that modulate each of these associations. ⋯ We also summarized potential treatments addressing impaired sleep quality/sleep disorders and their ability to attenuate the risk of lung cancer and cancer survival. While evidence on reversibility is inconsistent, there are trends toward positive outcomes. Future research should focus on clinical trials to confirm cause and effect relationships, large epidemiologic studies for incidence/prognosis, clarification on the relative efficacy of treatment modalities, and more in vivo animal models to establish the molecular mechanisms underlying these relationships.