Articles: adolescent.
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Meta Analysis
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Literature.
Meta-analysis. ⋯ There seem to be associations between AIS and genetic SNP. Further larger studies should be conducted to validate the results.
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Recently, the use of electronic cigarettes increased sharply, leading to increased e-cigarette, or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI), and other acute pulmonary conditions. There is an urgent need for clinical information about e-cigarette users to identify factors that contribute to EVALI. We developed an e-cigarette/vaping assessment tool (EVAT) that was integrated into the Electronic Health Record (EHR) of a large state-wide medical system and initiated a system-wide dissemination and education to support its use. ⋯ EVAT was successfully implemented. Continued outreach efforts are needed to further increase its usage. Education materials should be enhanced to help providers to reach youth and vulnerable populations and connect patients to the tobacco treatment resources.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Apr 2023
ReviewPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic, and mental health problems. The stimulant medications methylphenidate and amphetamine are the most frequently used treatments for ADHD, but these are not always effective and can be associated with side effects. Clinical and biochemical evidence suggests that deficiencies of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could be related to ADHD. Research has shown that children and adolescents with ADHD have significantly lower plasma and blood concentrations of PUFA and, in particular, lower levels of omega-3 PUFA. These findings suggest that PUFA supplementation may reduce the attention and behaviour problems associated with ADHD. This review is an update of a previously published Cochrane Review. Overall, there was little evidence that PUFA supplementation improved symptoms of ADHD in children and adolescents. ⋯ Although we found low-certainty evidence that children and adolescents receiving PUFA may be more likely to improve compared to those receiving placebo, there was high-certainty evidence that PUFA had no effect on total parent-rated ADHD symptoms. There was also high-certainty evidence that inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity did not differ between PUFA and placebo groups. We found moderate-certainty evidence that overall side effects likely did not differ between PUFA and placebo groups. There was also moderate-certainty evidence that follow-up was similar between groups. It is important that future research addresses the current weaknesses in this area, which include small sample sizes, variability of selection criteria, variability of the type and dosage of supplementation, and short follow-up times.
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Persistent nonspecific back pain is now established as a biopsychosocial phenomenon that can be meaningfully affected by individuals' cognitions, emotions, lifestyle factors and family and social relationships. Recent guidelines for the treatment of adolescents with persistent nonspecific back pain, as well as those for youth with mixed chronic pain, strongly recommend interdisciplinary care in which adolescents receive treatment for both mind and body. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the interventions evaluated in randomized trials for adolescents with persistent back pain to determine whether they correspond to these guidelines and to reveal future research priorities. ⋯ This scoping review describes in detail the interventions included in randomized trials for adolescents with persistent, nonspecific back pain. The review is important because it reveals discrepancies between those interventions and the interventions recommended for this population.
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The etiology of adolescent myopia involves genetic and environmental factors. The pathological mechanism of modern medicine includes blood perfusion, changes in blood molecules, neurotransmitters, and sclera remodeling. Chinese medicine believes that myopia is mainly related to the deficiency of liver blood and spleen and stomach disorders. ⋯ Intestinal flora has become a research hotspot in recent years, and it has been found that it is closely associated with multi-system and multi-type diseases. No studies have directly investigated the link between Intestinal flora and myopia in adolescents. Therefore, by summarizing the pathological mechanism of adolescent myopia and the connection between intestinal flora and the pathological mechanism of adolescent myopia, this paper analyzes the possible pathological mechanism of the influence of intestinal flora on adolescent myopia, providing a theoretical basis for future studies on the correlation between changes of intestinal flora and its metabolites and the incidence of adolescent myopia, which is of great significance for the study on the risk prediction of adolescent myopia.