Articles: treatment.
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The literature on breast cancer in sub-Saharan women is reviewed. In general, breast cancer is the second most common malignancy of women in the region, after cancer of the uterine cervix. ⋯ Absence of health educational programmes on cancer as well as lack of screening facilities in nearly all countries in the region are contributory factors to the late presentation of the cases. The need for more in-depth studies of the disease in the black African population has been highlighted.
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A variety of evidence suggests a link between migraine and the female sex hormones. Women with migraine outnumber men by at least a 2:1 ratio and definite patterns of development and attacks are noted at menarche and throughout the period of menses, related to trimester of pregnancy, and again at menopause, although it may also regress. Hormonal replacement with estrogen can exacerbate migraine; oral contraceptives can change the character and frequency of migraine headache. This article will cover approaches to the therapy of hormone-related headaches associated with the menstrual cycle, menopause, and oral contraceptives.
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The Journal of urology · Sep 1992
Review Case ReportsFemale fertility following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of distal ureteral calculi.
This study was prompted by a spontaneous abortion in a 21-year-old woman following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL ) of a distal ureteral calculus. To our knowledge, it is the first clinical retrospective study on the possible adverse effects of ESWL to the female reproductive tract. We analyzed treatment data and radiation exposure of 84 women in the reproductive period, and surveyed the patients by questionnaire, to which 67 (79.8%) responded. ⋯ Overall 7 children with no malformations or chromosomal anomalies were born to 6 patients. Miscarriages were noted in 3 patients (4.5%) but they occurred at least 1 year after ESWL. Our data suggest that ESWL of lower ureteral calculi is a safe and effective procedure, and does not affect female fertility or lead to increased teratogenic risk.
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Fertility and sterility · Jun 1992
Review Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialWas the Dalkon Shield a safe and effective intrauterine device? The conflict between case-control and clinical trial study findings.
To compare the findings of the case-control and cohort studies used to indict the Dalkon Shield (A.H. Robins Company, Inc., Richmond, VA) with the findings of the Dalkon Shield clinical trials. ⋯ This study offers convincing evidence that the indictment of the Dalkon Shield was a mistake. Additionally, this study shows that physician skill and experience is far more important to successful IUD insertion than previously recognized, a finding with considerable implications for IUD study designs and for marketing strategies.
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The Journal of urology · May 1992
Review Case ReportsLaparoscopic orchiectomy and contralateral vasectomy in a patient with an abdominal testicle: a case report.
We present a case of a 38-year-old man with a unilateral intra-abdominal testicle and undesired fertility in whom orchiectomy and contralateral vasectomy were performed laparoscopically. Urologists have been using diagnostic laparoscopy in patients with nonpalpable testes to plan the definitive procedure when the testicle is present, and to avoid laparotomy in cases of testicular absence. This case of laparoscopic orchiectomy and vasectomy demonstrates that operative laparoscopy allows another subset of patients with cryptorchidism to avoid open laparotomy.