Articles: chronic.
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Background. Chronic or persistent pain and disability following noncatastrophic "musculoskeletal" (MSK) trauma is a pervasive public health problem. Recent intervention trials have provided little evidence of benefit from several specific treatments for preventing chronic problems. ⋯ From the discussions, 13 themes were generated that ranged from a focus on identifying causal mechanisms and models to challenges with funding and patient engagement. Discussion. Novel priorities included the inclusion of consumer groups in research from the early conceptualization and design stages and interdisciplinary longitudinal studies that include evaluation of integrated phenotypes and mechanisms.
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Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) caused by spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks produces orthostatic headaches. Although upper arm pain or paresthesia is reportedly associated with SIH from spontaneous spinal CSF leak in the presence of orthostatic headache, low thoracic radicular pain due to spontaneous spinal CSF leak unassociated with postural headache is extremely rare. ⋯ The authors speculate that a chronic spontaneous spinal CSF leak not severe enough to cause typical orthostatic headache or epidural CSF collection may cause local symptoms such as irritation of a remote nerve root. There might be considerable variabilities in the clinical features of SIH which can present a diagnostic challenge.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effectiveness of High Intensity Laser Therapy for Reduction of Pain in Knee Osteoarthritis.
Introduction. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis. It is the main cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain and disability among the elderly population. ⋯ Conclusion. The results after seven days of treatment show more intensive and cumulative effect after the application of high intensity laser therapy in comparison to sham laser. This is the reason why HILT can be a method of choice in the treatment of gonarthrosis.
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Review
Calcium signalling toolkits in astrocytes and spatio-temporal progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Pathological remodelling of astroglia represents an important component of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD astrocytes undergo both atrophy and reactivity; which may be specific for different stages of the disease evolution. Astroglial reactivity represents the generic defensive mechanism, and inhibition of astrogliotic response exacerbates b-amyloid pathology associated with AD. ⋯ Reactive astrogliosis is linked to astroglial Ca(2+) signalling, this latter being widely regarded as a mechanism of astroglial excitability. The AD pathology evolving in animal models as well as acute or chronic exposure to β-amyloid induce pathological remodelling of Ca(2+) signalling toolkit in astrocytes. This remodelling modifies astroglial Ca(2+) signalling and may be linked to cellular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.
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Background. Patients diagnosed with chronic pain (CP) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent two samples with overlapping symptoms, such as experiencing significant pain. Objectives. ⋯ Categorization of individuals based on DASS severity resulted in significant differences in rates of depression and anxiety symptoms between groups, with a greater number of CP participants displaying more severe depressive and anxiety symptoms. Discussion and Conclusions. This study found greater levels of psychological distress among CP individuals referred to an academic pain clinic when compared to RA patients referred to an academic rheumatology clinic.