Articles: function.
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COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation. CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells have both been implicated in the inflammatory response. We investigated whether the lymphocyte and T-cell subpopulations in BAL differ between patients with COPD who are current smokers and those who are ex-smokers. ⋯ Current smoking status has a greater impact than airway obstruction on the distribution of T-cell subsets in BAL of patients with mild to moderate COPD. This fact must be considered when the role of T cells in COPD is evaluated. Our results stress the importance of subgrouping patients with COPD in terms of smoking.
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Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. · Apr 2014
Conditions Associated with the Cystic Fibrosis Defect Promote Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection.
Progress has been made in understanding how the cystic fibrosis (CF) basic defect produces lung infection susceptibility. However, it remains unclear why CF exclusively leads to chronic infections that are noninvasive and highly resistant to eradication. Although biofilm formation has been suggested as a mechanism, recent work raises questions about the role of biofilms in CF. ⋯ Our findings suggest that conditions associated with several CF pathogenesis hypotheses could cause the noninvasive and resistant infection phenotype, independently of the bacterial functions needed for biofilm formation.
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Perphenazine is a treatment option in postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis. Chronic administration and high dose are known to cause extrapyramidal system (EPS) dysfunction at a frequency of 8%, but the incidence of acute EPS after a single 4 or 8 mg dose is unknown. ⋯ Given the infrequent side effects, this single, low dose of perphenazine should be encouraged as a low-risk adjunct to any multimodal PONV prophylaxis regimen, based on the selection criteria described.
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Douglas B. Craig, W.M. Wahba, Hillary Don ⋯ The work of Drs. D. Craig et al. published in the Journal more than 40 years ago was seminal to our understanding of how patient positioning has an important influence on lung volumes and on the age-related relationship between FRC and CV.
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Critical care medicine · Apr 2014
Postresuscitation Administration of Doxycycline Preserves Cardiac Contractile Function in Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury of Newborn Piglets.
Cardiac injury is common in asphyxiated neonates and is associated with matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation. Although studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of matrix metalloproteinase inhibition, this has not been tested in clinically translatable models of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. We aimed to elucidate the effect of doxycycline, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, on cardiac injury and functional recovery in a swine model of neonatal hypoxia-reoxygenation. ⋯ Postresuscitation administration of doxycycline attenuates cardiac injury and improves functional recovery in newborn piglets with hypoxia-reoxygenation.