Articles: function.
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Previously, we observed that B cells and autoantibodies mediated chronic nociceptive sensitization in the mouse tibia fracture model of complex regional pain syndrome and that complex regional pain syndrome patient antibodies were pronociceptive in fracture mice lacking mature B cells and antibodies (muMT). The current study used a lumbar spinal disk puncture (DP) model of low back pain in wild-type (WT) and muMT mice to evaluate pronociceptive adaptive immune responses. Spinal disks and cords were collected 3 weeks after DP for polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry analyses. ⋯ Serum collected from WT DP mice and injected into muMT DP mice caused nociceptive sensitization, as did intrathecal injection of IgM collected from WT DP mice, and IgM immune complexes were observed in lumbar spinal disks and cord of WT DP mice. Serum from WT tibia fracture mice was not pronociceptive in muMT DP mice and vice versa, evidence that each type of tissue trauma chronically generates its own unique antibodies and targeted antigens. These data further support the pronociceptive autoimmunity hypothesis for the transition from tissue injury to chronic musculoskeletal pain state.
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Moderate to severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is known to cause right ventricular (RV) failure and death. Although TR is traditionally classified as primary or secondary, recently, a new class of TR called idiopathic TR has been proposed, with varying definitions among different studies. ⋯ Idiopathic TR was associated with better RV function than the other secondary TRs. Thus, idiopathic TR should be strictly defined and regarded as a distinct type of TR.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
How does treadmill training contribute to botulinum toxin application plus routine physical therapy in ambulatory children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy? A randomized controlled trial.
In spite of treadmill training and multilevel botulinum toxin (BoNT-A) injection being the two most commonly used treatment methods in pediatric rehabilitation management, there was no study investigating the effect of treadmill training after BoNT-A injection in children with cerebral palsy (CP). ⋯ Treadmill training in addition to routine physical therapy after BoNT-A injection is beneficial for hip muscle strength, ankle selective motor control, walking quality, and functional mobility in the short term.
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Diagnostic schemas are frameworks that depict organized clinical knowledge and serve as a bridge between problem representation and differential diagnosis generation. Schema-based problem solving is increasingly used among clinician educators and is widely featured in digital media. We examine the origins of schemas and their theoretical background, review existing literature on their applications in medicine, and explore their utility for learners and teachers.
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To compare the preoperative and postoperative hand function and radiographic parameters in female patients with Hirayama disease (HD). ⋯ Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is an effective way to treat female patients with HD, and the course of illness may be correlated with the efficacy of surgery. For some female patients with HD with a clear diagnosis, early surgical treatment is worthy of clinical consideration.