Articles: function.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dyspnea-related cues engage the prefrontal cortex: Evidence from functional brain imaging in COPD.
Dyspnea is the major source of disability in COPD. In COPD, environmental cues (eg, the prospect of having to climb stairs) become associated with dyspnea and may trigger dyspnea even before physical activity commences. We hypothesized that brain activation relating to such cues would be different between patients with COPD and healthy control subjects, reflecting greater engagement of emotional mechanisms in patients. ⋯ The findings suggest that engagement of the emotional circuitry of the brain is important for interpretation of dyspnea-related cues in COPD and is influenced by depression, fatigue, and vigilance. A heightened response to salient cues is associated with increased symptom perception in chronic pain and asthma, and the findings suggest that such mechanisms may be relevant in COPD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Daily laxative therapy reduces organ dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: a phase II randomized controlled trial.
Constipation is a common problem in intensive care units. We assessed the efficacy and safety of laxative therapy aiming to promote daily defecation in reducing organ dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients. ⋯ Laxative therapy improved daily defecation in ventilated patients and was associated with a greater reduction in SOFA score.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Home-based constraint-induced movement therapy for patients with upper limb dysfunction after stroke (HOMECIMT): a cluster-randomised, controlled trial.
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) is recommended for patients with upper limb dysfunction after stroke, yet evidence to support the implementation of CIMT in ambulatory care is insufficient. We assessed the efficacy of home CIMT, a modified form of CIMT that trains arm use in daily activities within the home environment. ⋯ German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Aug 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialNaloxone added to bupivacaine or bupivacaine-fentanyl prolongs motor and sensory block during supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade: a randomized clinical trial.
In this study, the effect of naloxone on duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block was evaluated. It was hypothesized that naloxone can increase the duration of neural blockade. ⋯ Addition of naloxone to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block prolonged the duration of the neural blockade.
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Critical care medicine · Aug 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyA Randomized Controlled Trial of Regional Citrate Versus Regional Heparin Anticoagulation for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Adults.
To determine whether regional anticoagulation of continuous renal replacement therapy circuits using citrate and calcium prolongs circuit life and/or affects circulating cytokine levels compared with regional anticoagulation using heparin and protamine. ⋯ Regional citrate and calcium anticoagulation prolongs continuous renal replacement therapy circuit life compared with regional heparin and protamine anticoagulation, does not affect cytokine levels, and is associated with fewer adverse events.