Articles: function.
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J Nutr Health Aging · Jan 2018
Performance of SARC-F in Regard to Sarcopenia Definitions, Muscle Mass and Functional Measures.
To assess the reliability and validity of Turkish version of SARC-F in regard to screening with current definitions of sarcopenia, muscle mass and functional measures. ⋯ The psychometric performance of Turkish SARC-F was similar to the original SARC-F. It revealed low sensitivity but high specificity with all sarcopenia definitions. Sensitivity and specificity were higher for muscle function tests reflecting its inquiry and input on functional measures. Our findings suggest that SARC-F is an excellent test to exclude muscle function impairment and sarcopenia. SARC-F is relatively a good screening test for functional measures.
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Asthma and COPD are prevalent chronic inflammatory airway diseases that are responsible for a large global disease burden. Both diseases are complex and heterogeneous, and they are increasingly recognized as overlapping syndromes that may share similar pathophysiologic mechanisms and treatable traits. Eosinophilic airway inflammation is considered the most influential treatable trait of chronic airway disease, and over the last decade, several monoclonal antibodies and small molecule therapies have been developed to target this trait. ⋯ This heterogeneity in treatment response is probably related to different molecular pathways or endotypes leading to eosinophilic airway inflammation, including adaptive immune pathways mediated by T helper 2 cells and innate immune pathways mediated by innate lymphoid cells. The relative contribution of these pathways in asthma and COPD is not yet clarified, and there are currently no reliable biomarkers that represent the various pathways. Therefore, there is an urgent need for easily measurable and reproducible biomarkers that are linked to underlying pathophysiologic disease mechanisms and can predict and monitor responses to novel biologic agents.
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Loss-of-function mutations in the enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase are responsible for the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, in which 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) levels are markedly increased in the plasma and tissues of patients. This increase in 7-DHC is probably associated with the painful and itchy photosensitivity reported by the majority of patients with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. To identify the molecular targets involved in the activation and photosensitization of primary afferents by 7-DHC, we focused on TRPA1 and TRPV1, two ion channels expressed in nociceptive nerve endings and previously shown to respond to ultraviolet and visible light under pathophysiological circumstances. ⋯ Single-fiber recordings in mouse skin-nerve preparations demonstrate violet light-evoked activation and a sensitization to 7-DHC exposure. Vice versa, 7-DHC pretreatment of the isolated trachea leads to a TRPA1- and TRPV1-dependent increase of the light-induced calcitonin gene-related peptide release. Taken together, our results implicate TRPA1 and TRPV1 channels as potential pharmacological targets to address the 7-DHC-induced hypersensitivity to light in patients.