Articles: sars-cov-2.
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COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, led to a pandemic of acute respiratory illness that is ongoing. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a commonly used form of respiratory support during acute respiratory distress and is used to treat patients with COVID-19 in many centers. ⋯ This is a review of key peer-reviewed manuscripts from 2022-2023 discussing the efficacy and best practices for using HFNC for patients with COVID-19. Efficacy of HFNC for COVID-19, the use of the respiratory oxygenation index to guide HFNC for COVID-19, and concerns of generated/fugitive aerosols when using HFNC for COVID-19 are emphasized.
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We are now in the fifth year of an ongoing pandemic, and Canada continues to experience significant surges of COVID-19 infections. In addition to the acute impacts of deaths and hospitalizations, there is growing awareness of an accumulation of organ damage and disability which is building a "health debt" that will affect Canadians for decades to come. Calls in 2023 for an inquiry into the handling of the COVID-19 pandemic went unheeded, despite relevant precedent. Canada urgently needs a comprehensive review of its successes and failures to chart a better response in the near- and long-term. ⋯ A complete investigation of Canada's response to the pandemic is not yet possible because that response is still ongoing and, while we have learned much, there remain areas of dispute and uncertainty. However, an inquiry is needed to conduct a rapid assessment of the current evidence and policies and provide recommendations on how to improve in 2025 and beyond as well as guidance for future pandemics.
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A 34-year-old man with no medical history presented to our hospital with a sore throat and difficult oral intake for two days before admission. He had various symptoms, including red eyes, ocular discharge, a fever, and intraoral ulcers, and he was admitted immediately. ⋯ The patient's condition improved with conservative treatment. This case of severe and varied symptoms caused by co-infection with adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2 has been previously reported.
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Investigating the causal relationship between circulating immune cells, blood metabolites, and severe COVID-19 and revealing the role of blood metabolite-mediated circulating immune cells in disease onset and progression. Genetic variation data of 731 circulating immune cells, 1400 blood metabolites, and severe COVID-19 from genome-wide association study open-access database (https://gwas.mrcieu.ac.uk) were used as instrumental variables for bidirectional and two-step Mendelian randomization analysis. ⋯ Two-step Mendelian randomization analysis showed 10 blood metabolites were causally associated with severe COVID-19, and blood Myristate and Citrulline to phosphate ratio mediated the association of circulating effector memory double negative % DN and CD8dim natural killer T cell % T cells, respectively, with severe COVID-19 (Myristate mediated effect ratio was 10.20%, P = .011; Citrulline to phosphate ratio mediated effect ratio was -9.21%, P = .017). This study provides genetic evidence assessing the causal relationship between circulating immune cells, blood metabolites, and severe COVID-19, elucidates the role of blood metabolite-mediated circulating immune cells in severe COVID-19 development, and offers new insights into severe COVID-19 etiology and related preventive and targeted therapeutic strategies.