Articles: sars-cov-2.
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During infectious disease epidemics, accurate diagnostic testing is key to rapidly identify and treat cases, and mitigate transmission. When a novel pathogen is involved, building testing capacity and scaling testing services at the local level can present major challenges to healthcare systems, public health agencies, and laboratories. This mixed methods study examined lessons learned from the scale-up of SARS-CoV-2 testing services in New York City (NYC), as a core part of NYC's Test & Trace program. ⋯ NYC residents were, on average, less than 25 min away from free SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing services by public transport, and services were successfully directed to most neighborhoods with the highest transmission rates, with only one notable exception. A key feature was to direct mobile testing vans and rapid antigen testing services to areas based on real-time neighborhood transmission data. Municipal leaders should prioritize fortifying supply chains, establish cross-sectoral partnerships to support and extend testing services, plan for continuous testing and validation of assays, ensure open communication feedback loops with CBO partners, and maintain infrastructure to support mobile services during infectious disease emergencies.
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J. Korean Med. Sci. · Sep 2024
Observational StudyEffectiveness of the Bivalent mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine for Preventing Critical Infection From the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in the Republic of Korea.
This retrospective observational matched cohort study assessed the differences in critical infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the omicron-predominant period of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We evaluated the vaccine effectiveness of bivalent mRNA vaccine compared to unvaccinated individuals. ⋯ Our findings indicate that the bivalent vaccine reduces the disease burden of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant, particularly among the older population. Further studies are warranted to determine the effectiveness of booster doses of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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British medical bulletin · Sep 2024
ReviewLong COVID among healthcare workers: a narrative review of definitions, prevalence, symptoms, risk factors and impacts.
Long COVID (LC) occurs when people experience symptoms for weeks, months or even years after a COVID-19 infection. This review looks at research exploring the LC definitions, prevalence, symptoms, risk factors, and associated impacts in research on healthcare workers (HCWs). ⋯ Future research should move towards a standard definition for LC. Greater attention should be paid to longitudinal and qualitative studies, which could give insights into prognosis, lived experience and work participation. Finally, studies evaluating treatments suitable for people with LC are timely.
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Inmunocompromised people have higher SARS-CoV-2 morbi-mortality and they are subsidiary to receive pre-exposure prophylaxis. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of tixagevimab/cilgavimab (Evusheld) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations and mortality in immunocompromised patients. ⋯ This study demonstrates that Evusheld reduces the SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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The objective of this study was to employ bioinformatics and network pharmacology methodologies to investigate the targets and molecular mechanisms of remdesivir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Several open-source databases were utilized to confirm the shared targets of remdesivir, COVID-19, and PF. Following this, a comprehensive analysis incorporating function enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), transcription factor (TF), and molecular docking was conducted to investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19-associated PF. ⋯ To validate our findings, we utilized publicly available histological and single-cell sequencing databases, successfully confirming the involvement of 8 key targets, including AKT1, EGFR, RHOA, MAPK1, PIK3R1, MAPK8, MAPK14, and MTOR. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted to assess the interaction between remdesivir and the identified key targets, thus confirming its effective targeting effects. Remdesivir has the potential to exert antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects in the context of COVID-19-associated PF.