Articles: brain-pathology.
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J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. · Dec 1999
Regional patterns of neuronal death after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in newborn pigs.
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) widely used during neonatal heart surgery, carries a risk of brain damage. In adult normothermic ischemia, brain cells in certain regions die, some by necrosis and others by apoptosis (programmed cell death). This study characterized regional brain cell death after DHCA in newborn pigs. ⋯ In neonates, neocortical and hippocampal neurons are selectively vulnerable to death after DHCA. Both apoptosis and necrosis contribute to neuronal death, beginning early in reperfusion and continuing for days. These data suggest the need for several neuroprotective strategies tailored to the region and death process, initiated during the operation and continued after the operation.
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Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao · Dec 1999
[The establishment of a modified lateral fluid percussion model of brain injury in rat and the pertinent pathologic changes].
For the purpose of studying the molecular mechanism of the traumatic brain injury, we have established a reproducible graded lateral fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in the rat with a modified fluid percussion device. The device consists of a stainless steel cylindrical reservoir instead of the plexiglass reservoir, a steel reservoir filled with compressed gas instead of the pendulum for making more accurate percussion pressure, an apparatus for releasing the pressure immediately after the percussion, and a computer for recording and storing the percussion data. ⋯ The severity of pathologic changes increased with the magnitude of percussion. The results indicate that the new device could inflict reproducible graded lateral fluid percussion brain injury on rats and the model can be used for the studies of neuropathologic and molecular mechanism of brain injury.
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J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatr. · Nov 1999
Clinical TrialInterferon-beta-1a in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: effect on hypointense lesion volume on T1 weighted images.
Recently, a strong correlation between the increase in hypointense lesion load on T1 weighted spin echo images, and the increase in disability was reported. Although the effect of interferon-beta has been demonstrated both in reducing exacerbation rate, frequency of enhancing lesions, and accumulation of disease burden on T2 weighted images, the impact on the accumulation of hypointense lesions has not yet been evaluated. The aims of the present study were: (a) to assess for the first time the effect of interferon-beta-1a on T1 weighted MRI hypointense lesion volume; and (b) to evaluate the relation between changes on hypointense, hyperintense, and enhancing lesion volume before and during interferon-beta-1a treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. ⋯ These data suggest that interferon-beta-1a has a stabilising effect on T1 weighted hypointense lesion volume.
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Clinical Trial
Brain activation during working memory 1 month after mild traumatic brain injury: a functional MRI study.
To assess patterns of regional brain activation in response to varying working memory loads shortly after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). ⋯ MTBI patients differed from control subjects in activation pattern of working memory circuitry in response to different processing loads, despite similar task performance. This suggests that injury-related changes in ability to activate or to modulate working memory processing resources may underlie some of the memory complaints after MTBI.
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Journal of neurology · Oct 1999
Multiple sclerosis: interobserver agreement in reporting active lesions on serial brain MRI using conventional spin echo, fast spin echo, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and post-contrast T1-weighted images.
Previous studies have addressed the question of the precision in assessing multiple sclerosis (MS) activity by counting enhancing lesions on gadolinium enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, counting the active lesions on serial unenhanced MRI obtained by various pulse sequences has not been yet considered. We compared the interobserver levels of agreement in reporting active MS lesions on serial enhanced and unenhanced MRI to assess whether the use of various unenhanced techniques may change the degree of interobserver measurement reproducibility. ⋯ Good agreement was achieved for counting new lesions on the three unenhanced techniques, whereas the agreement for counting enlarging lesions was poor with all the MRI techniques. The level of agreement was significantly heterogeneous for various MRI techniques but not for various lesion sites. These results confirm that counting enhancing lesions is the most reliable method for assessing MS activity, but the use of any of the available unenhanced MRI techniques did not result in different levels of interobserver agreement when reporting new and enlarging MS lesions on serial scans.