Articles: brain-pathology.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Jan 1994
Contrast MR of the brain after high-perfusion cardiopulmonary bypass.
To study the efficacy of contrast MR imaging in the evaluation of central nervous system complications in the cardiopulmonary bypass patient and attempt to explain their pathophysiology based on the MR appearance and the cardiopulmonary bypass protocol. ⋯ Contrast MR imaging demonstrated no new abnormalities in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass performed with strict in-line arterial filtration and relatively high perfusion. MR imaging is feasible in the early postoperative period after cardiopulmonary bypass and may offer a convenient method for evaluation of the neurologic impact of technical factors associated with cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Folia neuropathologica · Jan 1994
Case ReportsIntracranial meningiomas following irradiation therapy for brain tumors.
Two cases of radiation-induced meningiomas following therapeutic irradiation given for primary diagnosed malignant brain tumor are presented. The meningiomas, histologically different from the initial brain tumor, appeared 15 and 21 years after high-dose brain irradiation. The possible risk of carcinogenesis within the CNS resulted from therapeutic cranial irradiation is stressed.
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Acta neuropathologica · Jan 1994
Comparative StudyThe effect of focal cerebral cooling on perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.
We describe a method of focal cooling of the head and its effects on hypoxic-ischemic cerebral damage in neonatal rat. Focal cooling of the head was obtained by positioning a catheter under the scalp ipsilateral to the ligated common carotid artery and by running cold water through the catheter during 2 h of systemic hypoxia. Hypoxia was produced in neonatal rats by breathing 8% oxygen for 2 h in a 37 degrees C chamber. ⋯ At a mean scalp temperature of 28 degrees C, mean hippocampal temperature in hypoxic rat was 29.5 degrees C and mean core temperature in hypoxic rat was 32.8 degrees C. At a lower scalp temperature of 22 degrees C, mean hippocampal temperature in hypoxic rat was 24.7 degrees C and mean core temperature was 31.3 degrees C. Neuropathologic examination 3-4 days following hypoxia-ischemia showed that focal cooling with a scalp temperature of lower than 28 degrees C completely protected from brain damage, and that there was a trend towards greater damage with higher scalp temperatures.
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Nihon Hoigaku Zasshi · Oct 1993
Review[Recent advances in the study on the mechanism of brain injury].
A cerebral contusion and DAI (diffuse axonal injury) are practically very important in a medico-legal case of the closed head injury. In this paper, we will report the epitome of the recent advances in the study on the mechanism of them. Coup contusion can be mainly attributed to the skull inbending and/or the skull fracture which develop in the impact region. ⋯ As to the brain injuries which include a cerebral contusion and DAI, two theories are reported. Centripetal progression of strains to the core of a brain injuries the brain (Ommaya). Natural frequency of impact determines the nature of resulting injury to the brain (Willinger).
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Neurological outcome and pathological changes of the brain were studied in 5 female mongrel dogs, which were subjected to normothermic ventricular fibrillation (Vf) cardiac arrest of 15 min and resuscitated by using cardiopulmonary bypass through the femoral artery and veins (F-F bypass). Spontaneous circulation was restored by one or two defibrillating countershocks in all 5 dogs 5.2 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- SD) min after initiation of the F-F bypass. The F-F partial bypass was continued for 164 +/- 30 min under mild hypothermia. ⋯ Soon after extubation, the animals barked, moved the forelegs and could drink water. Neurological deficit scores (normal: 0, brain death: 500) improved to become below 100 except in 1 dog. However, macroscopic examination of the brain in 2 dogs with prominent recovery disclosed atrophy of the central gyrus and microscopic examination revealed typical ischemic injuries of the vulnerable neurons at the cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex in the frontal lobe.