Articles: narcotic-antagonists.
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Data on the cardiorespiratory changes and complications following administration of naloxone in children are limited. ⋯ Moderate increases in RR, HR, and BP occur after naloxone administration to children, but development of more serious complications is rare.
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Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. · Nov 2003
Comparative StudyEffects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone on feeding induced by DAMGO in the ventral tegmental area and in the nucleus accumbens shell region in the rat.
The nucleus accumbens shell region (sNAcc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are two major nodes in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which mediates reward for various survival behaviors, including feeding. Opioids increase and maintain food intake when injected peripherally and centrally. Opioids in the VTA cause increased release of dopamine in the sNAcc, and when injected into either site, cause an increase in food intake. ⋯ DAMGO was found to dose dependently increase intake to an equal extent when injected into either site. DAMGO-induced increases in food intake when injected into the VTA were blocked to control levels with the highest dose of NTX injected bilaterally into the sNAcc; however, increases in intake when injected into the sNAcc were blocked only partially by the highest dose of NTX injected bilaterally into the VTA. These results indicate opioid-opioid communication between the two sites; however, the communication may be quite indirect, requiring other sites and transmitters to elicit a change in behavior.
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Drug Alcohol Depend · Oct 2003
Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialPharmacokinetics of high-dose buprenorphine following single administration of sublingual tablet formulations in opioid naïve healthy male volunteers under a naltrexone block.
Sublingual buprenorphine formulations have been developed as treatments for opioid dependence. In three studies, opioid naïve healthy male subjects received Subutex tablets (buprenorphine 2 and 8 mg [N=27] or 12 and 16 mg [N=27]) or Suboxone (two formulations) tablets (buprenorphine 8 mg/naloxone 2 mg [N=36]) sublingually, under a naltrexone block for assessment of buprenorphine pharmacokinetics and tablet disintegration times. Plasma buprenorphine was quantified up to 72 h post-dose using a sensitive LC-MS/MS assay. ⋯ The least squares mean (90% CI) treatment ratio for Cmax was 1.00 (0.92-1.10) and AUC was 1.00 (0.95-1.06). Median times of disintegration were similar for all doses and formulations (range 6-12 min). Sublingual buprenorphine, up to 40 times the 400 microg analgesic dose, was well tolerated in these opioid naïve subjects, as administration of naltrexone 50-150 mg was sufficient to attenuate anticipated adverse effects in this population of subjects.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Controlled trial of maintenance treatment of intravenous buprenorphine dependence.
Buprenorphine dependence is a relatively novel addiction. ⋯ These results support the efficacy and safety of oral methadone and sublingual buprenorphine tablets for injection buprenorphine-dependent patients.