Articles: narcotic-antagonists.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of oral naloxone on opioid-induced constipation in methadone maintenance treatment patients, a double-blind, placebo-control, clinical trial.
Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is the most prevalent side effect of methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). Naloxone could reduce the OIC. ⋯ Oral naloxone at doses of 0.5 and 2 mg/day was significantly more effective than placebo on OIC in MMT. However, the dose of 4 mg induced intolerable OWS.
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The Association of Early Naloxone Use with Outcomes in Non-Shockable Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest.
Evaluate the association between early naloxone use and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with initial non-shockable rhythms. ⋯ Patients with initial non-shockable OHCA who received law enforcement or EMS naloxone prior to IV/IO access attempts had higher adjusted odds of ROSC at any time, ROSC at ED arrival, survival to admission, survival to discharge, and good neurologic outcome.
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In the context of polysubstance use and fentanyl detection in non-opioid drugs supplies (e.g., cocaine, methamphetamine), it is important to re-evaluate and expand our understanding of which populations are at high risk for fatal drug overdoses. The primary objective of this pilot study was to gather data from the ED to characterize the population presenting with drug overdose, including demographics, drug use patterns and comorbidities, to inform upstream overdose prevention efforts. ⋯ This study demonstrated high rates of fentanyl exposure on toxicology testing at time of overdose across all participants including study participants without self-reported intentional opioid use. Data gathered in the ED at time of overdose can be used to inform upstream naloxone distribution and public health initiatives.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialReducing perceived barriers to scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution and medications for opioid use disorder in the United States in the HEALing (helping end addiction long-term®) communities study.
Scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is needed to reduce opioid overdose deaths, but barriers are pervasive. This study examines whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention reduced perceived barriers to expanding OEND and MOUD in healthcare/behavioral health, criminal-legal, and other/non-traditional venues. ⋯ The CTH Intervention reduced perceived barriers to scaling up OEND and MOUD in certain venues, with no difference in effectiveness between rural and urban communities. More research is needed to understand facilitators and barriers in different venues.