Articles: peripheral-nerve-injuries.
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Scand J Plast Recons · Jan 2002
Comparative StudyLocally-applied collagenase and regeneration of transsected and repaired rat sciatic nerves.
The possible effects of collagenase on peripheral nerve regeneration were evaluated after epineurial repair of rat sciatic nerves. In the control group the repair site was covered by fibrin adhesive and infused with isotonic saline and in the experimental group collagenase was infused into the fibrin adhesive. ⋯ There were no significant differences between the two groups in either the short or long term. We conclude that locally-applied collagenase had no effect on peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Comparative Study
[Proximal interlocking of humeral intramedullary nails and risk of axillary nerve injury].
Possible injuries to the axillary nerve are criticised in antegrade and retrograde endomedullary nailing of the humeral shaft during proximal interlocking. Clinical experience seems not to support the theory of a high risk of nerve injury. The real risk although remains unknown under anatomical-morphological aspects. ⋯ We suggest to perform only a sharp cutaneous incision and then to prepare the muscle only by careful spreading until touching bone, with tissue retraction during drilling. In retrograde nailing the dorso-ventral bolt should only be used in extreme proximal fractures.
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Mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain states are poorly understood. We have compared mechanisms mediating enhanced nociception of four established models of neuropathic pain produced by very different types of insults to the peripheral nervous system: streptozotocin-induced hyperalgesia, a model of diabetic (metabolic) peripheral neuropathy, vincristine-induced hyperalgesia, a model of chemotherapeutic agent (toxic) peripheral neuropathy, and chronic constriction injury and partial nerve ligation, models of trauma-induced painful neuropathies. All four models resulted in prolonged mechanical hyperalgesia (>30% decrease in mechanical nociceptive threshold) and allodynia (detected by 10-209-mN-intensity von Frey hairs). ⋯ None of these second messengers nor the NMDA receptor, which can contribute to peripheral sensitization of nociceptors, contributed to chronic constriction injury- and partial nerve ligation-induced hyperalgesia. In all four models the hyperalgesia was not antagonized by peripheral administration of a mu-opioid agonist. Our findings support the presence of a common abnormality in second messenger signaling in the periphery to the maintenance of two very different models of non-traumatic neuropathic pain, not shared by models of trauma-induced neuropathic pain.
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Following peripheral nerve injury perineuronal satellite cell reaction in the corresponding spinal ganglion is observed. The mechanisms underlying the glial responses to axon injury remain unknown. In an immunocytochemical and morphometric study we investigated satellite cell and macrophage responses in the rat L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) during the seven days immediately after unilateral sciatic nerve crush or transection. ⋯ We found no significant differences between the increases provoked by the two types of nerve lesion, but the macrophage activation was detected earlier after nerve transection than after crush. No correlation was detected between satellite cells and macrophages reactions over the 7 day period we examined. These findings support the idea that intercellular neuron-glial diffusible signals play a major role in DRG glial cell response to peripheral nerve lesion.
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The Anatomical record · Aug 2001
ReviewPeripheral nerve injury: a review and approach to tissue engineered constructs.
Eleven thousand Americans each year are affected by paralysis, a devastating injury that possesses associated annual costs of $7 billion (American Paralysis Association, 1997). Currently, there is no effective treatment for damage to the central nervous system (CNS), and acute spinal cord injury has been extraordinarily resistant to treatment. Compared to spinal cord injury, damage to peripheral nerves is considerably more common. ⋯ This impotency rate decreased to 24% when the nerves were left intact (Quinlan et al., J. Urol. 1991;145:380-383; J. Urol. 1991;145:998-1002).