Articles: cross-over-studies.
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Observational Study
Prevalence and correlates of dyslipidemia in HIV positive and negative adults in Western Kenya: A cross-sectional study.
There is increasing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Dyslipidemia is a well-known CVD risk factor which has been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment in high-income countries. Studies in SSA that have examined the relationship between HIV and dyslipidemia have reported mixed results. ⋯ The prevalence of dyslipidemia is high in Western Kenya, with nearly half of all participants with lipid abnormalities. Dyslipidemia was not significantly associated with HIV status, or with HIV-specific factors. Older age, being overweight, abdominal obesity, and low fruit and vegetable intake were associated with dyslipidemia and may be targets for public health interventions to lower the prevalence of dyslipidemia and CVD risk in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Observational Study
Chest compressions quality during sudden cardiac arrest scenario performed in virtual reality: A crossover study in a training environment.
Potential attributes of virtual reality (VR) can be a breakthrough in the improvement of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) training. However, interference with the virtual world is associated with the need of placing additional equipment on the trainee's body. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate if it does not affect the quality of chest compressions (CCs).91 voluntarily included in the study medical students participated twice in the scenario of SCA - Traditional Scenario (TS) and Virtual Reality Scenario (VRS). ⋯ However additional VR equipment placed on the trainee's body may cause chest compressions harder to provide. If it is not preceded by traditional training, the use of VR may have an adverse impact on depth and full chest relaxation during the training. To make the best use of all the potential that virtual reality offers, future studies should focus on finding the most effective way to combine VR with traditional skill training in CPR courses curriculum.
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Meta Analysis
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α 308 G/A polymorphism and psoriasis risk: A pooled analysis in different populations.
More and more researches have been carried out on the association between the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) 308 G/A polymorphism and psoriasis, however, controversial results have emerged in these studies. This meta-analysis was performed to quantitatively clarify the relationship between TNF-α 308 G/A polymorphism and the risk of psoriasis in different populations. Databases of PubMed, Springer Link, Ovid, Chinese Wanfang Data Bases, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biology Medicine were investigated until June 2019. ⋯ In the subgroup analysis stratified by geographic locations, the TNF-α 308 G/A polymorphism was significantly associated with a reduced risk of psoriasis in Germany (A vs G: OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.57-0.78; AA+GA vs GG: OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.52-0.75), as well as in China (AA+GA vs GG: OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.52-0.98) and Poland (A vs G: OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38-0.97; AA+GA vs GG: OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.35-0.99). This study indicated a significantly reduced psoriasis risk associated with the TNF-α 308 G/A polymorphism in Germans, as well as in Chinese and Poles populations compared with other populations. Ethnicity and geographic locations probably play a pivotal role in the genetic association of psoriasis.
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Observational Study
Effect of body shape on the development of cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity.
Studies about the effects of metabolically healthy obesity on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have yielded conflicting results. These heterogeneous results could be due to the limited usefulness of BMI in measuring general adiposity, as body mass index (BMI) does not accurately reflect body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of body shape on CVD outcomes across different obesity phenotypes, and to provide an explanation for the heterogeneous effects of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype on CVD. ⋯ Moreover, LBSIZ showed a linear relationship with CVD among MHO individuals. While the MHO individuals showed similar CVD risk to the MHNO individuals, CVD risk increases with LBSIZ among the MHO individuals. LBSIZ appears to be a useful measure for CVD risk assessment in clinical practice and epidemiologic studies, especially for MHO patients.
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Observational Study
High rate of burnout among residents under standardized residency training in a tertiary teaching hospital of middle China: Results from a cross-sectional survey.
Burnout has been commonly observed in health care workers. Though research has been conducted involving burnout among doctors in China, few studies have focused on residents during standardized residency training (SRT). The professional status of the residents during SRT remains largely unclear. ⋯ Organizational, professional, and social support was demonstrated critical by the potential roles in protecting against burnout. Residents with burnout were prone to considering turnover. Strategies for managing burnout related factors among residents should be focused in future studies.