Articles: screening.
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Comment Multicenter Study Observational Study
Expanded Newborn Screening Using Genome Sequencing for Early Actionable Conditions.
The feasibility of implementing genome sequencing as an adjunct to traditional newborn screening (NBS) in newborns of different racial and ethnic groups is not well understood. ⋯ These interim findings demonstrate the feasibility of targeted interpretation of a predefined set of genes from genome sequencing in a population of different racial and ethnic groups. DNA sequencing offers an additional method to improve screening for conditions already included in NBS and to add those that cannot be readily screened because there is no biomarker currently detectable in dried blood spots. Additional studies are required to understand if these findings are generalizable to populations of different racial and ethnic groups and whether introduction of sequencing leads to changes in management and improved health outcomes.
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Comment Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Symptom Screening Linked to Care Pathways for Pediatric Patients With Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Pediatric patients with cancer commonly experience severely bothersome symptoms. The effectiveness of routine symptom screening with symptom feedback and symptom management care pathways is unknown. ⋯ Symptom screening with symptom feedback and symptom management care pathways was associated with improved symptom scores and increased symptom-specific interventions. Future work should integrate symptom screening into routine clinical care.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Real-World Clinical Utility of a Methylated DNA Biomarker Assay on Samples Collected with a Swallowable Capsule-Balloon for Detection of Barrett's Esophagus (BE).
Background: Barrett's Esophagus (BE) is the only known precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Patients with multiple risk factors for BE/EAC are recommended for screening; however, few eligible patients undergo evaluation by endoscopy. EsoGuard® (EG) is a commercially available biomarker assay used to analyze esophageal cells collected non-endoscopically with EsoCheck® (EC) for the qualitative detection of BE/EAC. ⋯ Among the EG-positive patients, the overall compliance with follow-up EGD was 85.4%. Conclusions: Combining EC non-endoscopic esophageal cell collection with the EG biomarker assay is effective in guiding provider decision-making for the detection of BE and EAC. Patients with positive EG results demonstrate high compliance with recommended follow-up EGD.
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Comment Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Frequency of Screening and Spontaneous Breathing Trial Techniques: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
The optimal screening frequency and spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) technique to liberate adults from ventilators are unknown. ⋯ Among critically ill adults who received invasive mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours, screening frequency (once-daily vs more frequent screening) and SBT technique (pressure-supported vs T-piece SBT) did not change the time to successful extubation. However, an unexpected and statistically significant interaction was identified; protocolized more frequent screening combined with pressure-supported SBTs increased the time to first successful extubation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and positive externalities of integrated chronic care for adults with major depressive disorder in Malawi (IC3D): a stepped-wedge, cluster-randomised, controlled trial.
In low-income and middle-income countries, individuals with major depressive disorder often do not receive screening and treatment. We assessed effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an integrated care model for treating major depressive disorder in Malawi, accounting for two sets of positive externalities: household benefits and improvements in comorbidities. ⋯ National Institute of Mental Health.