Articles: biological-models.
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Lancet Digit Health · Apr 2020
Dynamic and explainable machine learning prediction of mortality in patients in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study of high-frequency data in electronic patient records.
Many mortality prediction models have been developed for patients in intensive care units (ICUs); most are based on data available at ICU admission. We investigated whether machine learning methods using analyses of time-series data improved mortality prognostication for patients in the ICU by providing real-time predictions of 90-day mortality. In addition, we examined to what extent such a dynamic model could be made interpretable by quantifying and visualising the features that drive the predictions at different timepoints. ⋯ Novo Nordisk Foundation and the Innovation Fund Denmark.
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This study presents a novel statistical volume element (SVE) for micromechanical modeling of the white matter structures, with histology-informed randomized distribution of axonal tracts within the extracellular matrix. The model was constructed based on the probability distribution functions obtained from the results of diffusion tensor imaging as well as the histological observations of scanning electron micrograph, at two structures of white matter susceptible to traumatic brain injury, i.e. corpus callosum and corona radiata. A simplistic representative volume element (RVE) with symmetrical arrangement of fully alligned axonal fibers was also created as a reference for comparison. ⋯ Moreover, the SVE model displayed a significantly better agreement with the reports of the experiments at high strain rates. The results suggest that the randomized fiber architecture has a great influence on the validity of the micromechanical models of white matter, with a distinguished impact on the model's response to shear deformation and high strain rates. Moreover, it can provide a more detailed presentation of the localized responses of the tissue substructures, including the stress concentrations around the low caliber axonal tracts, which is critical for studying the axonal injury mechanisms.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019), a newly emerging disease in China, posed a public health emergency of China. Wuhan is the most serious affected city. Some measures have been taken to control the transmission of COVID-19. ⋯ We obtain that R e (t) drops less than 1 since Feb. 8th. Our results show that delayed opening the 'Fire God Hill' hospital will greatly increase the magnitude of the outbreak. This shows that the government's timely establishment of hospitals and effective quarantine via quick detection prevent a larger outbreak.
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Fluids Barriers CNS · Mar 2020
Comparative StudyIn vitro and numerical simulation of blood removal from cerebrospinal fluid: comparison of lumbar drain to Neurapheresis therapy.
Blood removal from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in post-subarachnoid hemorrhage patients may reduce the risk of related secondary brain injury. We formulated a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate the impact of a dual-lumen catheter-based CSF filtration system, called Neurapheresis™ therapy, on blood removal from CSF compared to lumbar drain. ⋯ A subject-specific CFD model of CSF system-wide solute transport was used to investigate the impact of Neurapheresis therapy on tracer removal from CSF compared to lumbar drain over a 24-h period. Neurapheresis therapy was found to substantially increase tracer clearance compared to lumbar drain. The multiphase CFD results were verified by in vitro fluorescein tracer experiments.
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Arch Orthop Trauma Surg · Mar 2020
Inducing life-like distal radius fractures in human cadaveric specimens: a tool for enhanced surgical training.
Surgical education consists often times of a discrepancy between necessary amount of provided operative teaching and amount of organizational and ward duties. Operative education is often cut to a minimum. As public awareness toward surgical competence raises, so must the educational system. Courses that provide pre-fractured cadaveric specimens can facilitate surgical teaching realistically, prior to operating on living patients. The aim of this study is to introduce a realistic distal radius fracture simulation setup. ⋯ A high energetic impulse induced by a custom-made drop-test bench can successfully simulate realistic distal radius fractures in cadaveric specimens with intact soft tissue. Furthermore, these pre-fractured specimens can be utilized in surgical education to provide a teaching experience as realistic as possible without harming living patients.