Articles: opioid.
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Journal of anesthesia · Apr 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialSwallowing action immediately before intravenous fentanyl at induction of anesthesia prevents fentanyl-induced coughing: a randomized controlled study.
Fentanyl is a strong µ-opioid analgesic which attenuates the stimulation of surgical invasion and tracheal intubation. However, intravenous fentanyl often induces coughing [fentanyl-induced coughing (FIC)] during induction of anesthesia. We found that the swallowing action, when requested at induction of anesthesia, attenuated FIC. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between the occurrence of FIC and the swallowing action. ⋯ The swallowing action immediately before intravenous fentanyl may be a simple and clinically feasible method for preventing FIC effectively. Clinical trial number: UMIN000012086 ( https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows&action=brows&type=summary&recptno=Rn000014126&language=J ).
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Apr 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyVenlafaxine and oxycodone have different effects on spinal and supraspinal activity in man: a somatosensory evoked potential study.
Opioids and antidepressants that inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI) are recognized as analgesics to treat severe and moderate pain, but their mechanisms of action in humans remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore how oxycodone (an opioid) and venlafaxine (an SNRI) modulate spinal and supraspinal sensory processing. ⋯ Opioids and SNRI drugs exert different central effects. The present study contributed to the much-needed human models of the mechanisms of action of drugs with effects on the central nervous system.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Lubiprostone for Opioid-Induced Constipation Does Not Interfere with Opioid Analgesia in Patients with Chronic Noncancer Pain.
To determine whether lubiprostone 24 μg twice daily (BID), administered to relieve opioid-induced constipation (OIC), affects opioid analgesia in patients with chronic noncancer pain. ⋯ Lubiprostone 24 μg BID administered for relief of OIC in patients with chronic noncancer pain does not interfere with opioid analgesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Thermal antinociception following oral administration of tapentadol in conscious cats.
To evaluate the onset, magnitude and duration of thermal antinociception after oral administration of two doses of tapentadol in cats. ⋯ Oral administration of tapentadol increased ST and TT in cats. The durations of thermal antinociception were similar between HighTAP and BUP, both of which were twice as long as that in LowTAP. Studies of different formulations may be necessary before tapentadol can be accepted into feline practice.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Daily Extended-Release (ER) Hydrocodone in Individuals Previously Receiving ER Morphine for Chronic Pain.
This post hoc analysis examined the effectiveness and safety of hydrocodone bitartrate (HYD) in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic pain who were previously taking extended-release morphine (morphine ER) for pain management. ⋯ The results of this subgroup analysis suggest that rotation from morphine ER to once-daily HYD in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic pain maintains or improves pain relief and does not increase safety concerns.