Articles: opioid.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
SoluMatrix® Diclofenac: Sustained Opioid-Sparing Effects in a Phase 3 Study in Patients with Postoperative Pain.
To evaluate opioid rescue medication usage and the opioid-sparing effect of low-dose SoluMatrix(®) diclofenac developed using SoluMatrix Fine Particle Technology™ in a phase 3 study in patients experiencing pain following bunionectomy surgery. ⋯ The opioid-sparing effect following low-dose SoluMatrix diclofenac (35 mg or 18 mg three times daily) administration was evaluated in patients experiencing pain following bunionectomy. Significantly fewer patients receiving SoluMatrix diclofenac or celecoxib (400 mg loading, 200 mg twice daily) required rescue medication during 0-24 h and >24-48 h following bunionectomy compared with placebo. No serious adverse events were reported among patients who received SoluMatrix diclofenac. SoluMatrix diclofenac may reduce opioid usage in the postoperative setting in patients with acute pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Preoperative butorphanol and flurbiprofen axetil therapy attenuates remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery: a randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Several studies indicate that remifentanil exposure may engender opioid-induced hyperalgesia. Butorphanol and flurbiprofen axetil are proposed as adjunctive analgesics for postoperative pain control. This randomized double-blind controlled study was designed to investigate the antihyperalgesic effects of butorphanol combined with flurbiprofen axetil on opioid-induced hyperalgesia. ⋯ NCT02043366.
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J Pain Symptom Manage · Oct 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialImpact of Prophylactic Fentanyl Pectin Nasal Spray on Exercise-Induced Episodic Dyspnea in Cancer Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.
Episodic breathlessness is common and debilitating in cancer patients. ⋯ FPNS was safe, reduced dyspnea at rest, and increased walk distance in before-after comparison. The placebo effect was substantial, which needs to be factored in future study designs.
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Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse · Sep 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialIntravenous abuse potential study of oxycodone alone or in combination with naltrexone in nondependent recreational opioid users.
ALO-02, comprising pellets of extended-release oxycodone surrounding sequestered naltrexone, is intended to deter abuse. ⋯ Intravenous administration of simulated crushed ALO-02 resulted in significantly lower abuse potential, as assessed by subjective ratings of drug liking and high, than intravenous oxycodone in nondependent, recreational opioid users. This suggests that injection of ALO-02 may not be as desirable to recreational opioid users compared with oxycodone taken for nonmedical reasons.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
One Month of Oral Morphine Decreases Gray Matter Volume in the Right Amygdala of Individuals with Low Back Pain: Confirmation of Previously Reported Magnetic Resonance Imaging Results.
Prolonged exposure to opioids is known to produce neuroplastic changes in animals; however, few studies have investigated the effects of short-term prescription opioid use in humans. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated a dosage-correlated volumetric decrease in the right amygdala of participants administered oral morphine daily for 1 month. The purpose of this current study was to replicate and extend the initial findings. ⋯ Many of the volumetric increases and decreases overlapped spatially with the previously reported changes. Individuals taking placebo for 1 month showed neither gray matter increases nor decreases. The results corroborate previous reports that rapid alterations occur in reward-related networks following short-term prescription opioid use.