Articles: acetaminophen.
-
Arzneimittel Forsch · Sep 1996
Studies on the chronic oral toxicity of an analgesic drug combination consisting of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and caffeine in rats including an electron microscopical evaluation of kidneys.
The analgesic drug combination Thomapyrin consisting of acetylsalicylic acid (CAS 50-78-2, ASA), paracetamol (CAS 103-90-2, NAPAP) and caffeine (CAS 58-08-2) in the ratio 5:4:1 was investigated for its chronic toxicity in rats. For comparison the individual drugs ASA and NAPAP as well as the double combination ASA+NAPAP were tested in equipotent doses. 20 male and 20 female rats per group (Chbb:THOM/SPF) received doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the combination ASA+NAPAP+caffeine, 45 and 180 mg/kg of the combination ASA+NAPAP, and 50 and 200 mg/kg of the individual drugs ASA or NAPAP over a period of 6 months. The daily dose was splitted into two parts and administered 3 h apart. ⋯ Semi-thin section evaluation and transmission electron microscopy showed only minor changes. Taking all tubular and vascular changes together (total mean), the animals of the NAPAP group were slightly more affected than those of the other groups. Summing up it can be concluded that the nephrotoxic potential of the combination ASA+NAPAP+caffeine, if existing at all, was marginal even after prolonged administration, and that it does not exceed that of the monosubstances when given at pharmacologically equipotent doses and clinically relevant exposures.
-
Meta Analysis
Analgesic efficacy and safety of paracetamol-codeine combinations versus paracetamol alone: a systematic review.
To assess whether adding codeine to paracetamol has an additive analgesic effect; to assess the safety of paracetamol-codeine combinations versus paracetamol alone. ⋯ Systematic literature review with meta-analysis, methodological quality of published trials being scored by means of 13 predefined criteria.
-
Review
[Clinical-toxicological case (1). Dosage of N-acetylcysteine in acute paracetamol poisoning].
There are currently three protocols used for the administration of N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of acute paracetamol poisoning. In the USA only the oral protocol is approved, while in Europe an intravenous protocol is used. ⋯ N-acetylcysteine is effective also when started more than 15 h after the ingestion. Patients who present with liver failure after paracetamol poisoning should be treated with a prolonged course of N-acetylcysteine.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
[Effectiveness of Oleum menthae piperitae and paracetamol in therapy of headache of the tension type].
The effect of a locally applied peppermint oil preparation on tension-type headache was examined in the design of a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study for the first time. The preparation was tested against both the reference substance acetaminophen and to the corresponding placebo. The liquid test preparation contained 10 g of peppermint oil and ethanol (90%) ad 100 (test preparation LI 170, Lichtwer Pharma, Berlin); the placebo was a 90% ethanol solution to which traces of peppermint oil were added for blinding purposes. ⋯ The patients reported no adverse events. This controlled study showed for the first time that a 10% peppermint oil in ethanol solution efficiently alleviates tension-type headache. Peppermint oil thus proves to be a well-tolerated and cost-effective alternative to usual therapies.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A pharmacokinetic comparison of acetaminophen products (Tylenol Extended Relief vs regular Tylenol)
To compare the pharmacokinetics of Tylenol Extended Relief (ER APAP) with those of immediate-release acetaminophen (IR APAP) at supratherapeutic doses. ⋯ In this model involving a single supratherapeutic dose, ER APAP evidenced no pharmacokinetic features that would suggest the need for an alternate poisoning screening strategy. When compared with IR APAP, ER APAP had a lower AUC, all peak [APAP] occurred in < 4 hours, and terminal eliminations were identical. The data suggest that, in most cases, the diagnostic approach to an overdose of ER APAP need not deviate from that used for an IR APAP overdose.