Articles: cations.
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Health disparities related to traumatic brain injury (TBI) have focused on socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity. We sought to characterize TBI patterns and outcomes based on undocumented status. ⋯ Undocumented immigrants presented from farther distances with increased TBI severity, likely from both more severe trauma and delayed presentation, requiring more neurosurgical intervention. They also had greater length of stay, charges, and nearly double the mortality rate. Importantly, undocumented status was a strong predictor for mortality. Despite worse outcomes, they were discharged to a health care facility at a lower rate. Advocacy efforts should be directed at increasing health care coverage and migrant community engagement and education.
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Multiple cell death modalities are implicated in sepsis pathobiology. However, the clinical relevance of NINJ1, a key mediator of plasma membrane rupture during lytic cell death, in sepsis progression and outcomes has remained poorly explored. ⋯ Circulating NINJ1 serves as a novel sepsis biomarker indicative of disease severity, coagulopathy and mortality risk, and its integration with SOFA and APACHE II scores substantially enhances prognostic risk stratification. These findings highlight the prospective clinical utility of NINJ1 for sepsis prognostication and monitoring, warranting further validation studies to facilitate implementation.
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United States neurological surgery residency education has undergone substantive changes over the past 2 decades. Neurosurgical professional bodies have developed numerous initiatives providing standardized assessments and training opportunities for residency programs. However, there have been few studies using standardized measures to assess core components of educational programming in individual programs. ⋯ Accounting for the practice effect revealed a significant interaction effect between the number of attempts taking the ABNS examination and whether formal didactics were taught, accounting for 46.2 points on the examination (t = 2.309, P = .023); however, REH alone did not have a significant effect on the scaled scores (t = -1.649, P = .102). ABNS written board scores represent a standardized metric by which educational initiatives within training programs may be assessed for efficacy. Further research is needed to identify educational approaches that are effective to meet the goal of demonstrated mastery of fundamental knowledge in neurosurgery across a diversity of neurological surgery residency programs.
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The size and anatomic location of meningiomas have been shown to correlate with distinct clinical manifestations, histopathological subtypes, and surgical risk. However, meningioma anatomic origin sites can be obscured in large tumors and those crossing compartments. We therefore sought to apply unbiased lesion mapping to localize intracranial meningioma distributions and their association with biology and grade. ⋯ We demonstrate the utility of voxel-based lesion mapping for intracranial tumors, characterizing distinct meningioma distribution patterns across histopathological and molecularly defined grades. Molecular grading associated with sharper tumor spatial clusters, supporting a phenotype-genotype association in meningiomas.